Uaʻikeʻo Hadrian's Wall i ka palena'ākau o ke Aupuni Roma. Ua holo a ua kokoke i 80 mile, aia ma ka'ā'ī liʻiliʻi o ka moku Roman o Britannia, mai ke Kai Akau ma ka hikina a hiki i ke kaiʻo Solway Firth o ke kaiʻo Irish ma ke Komohana. Ua heleʻo ia i kekahi o nā māla nani, nani loa iʻEnelani.
I kēia lā, kokoke iʻelua mau makahiki ma hope o ke kūkuluʻiaʻana, kahi UNESCO Heritage Heritage a me kahi hoʻokipa kūkaʻikaʻi kaulana loa ma Northern England.
ʻO kahi nui nui o ka mea i koe - ma nā hale paʻahao a me nā kauhale, ma "nā mile mile" a me nā haleʻauʻau, nā pā, nā pākū, a me ka lōʻihi,ʻo nā pāpāʻole o ka paia pono'ī. Hiki i nā kipa ke hele i ke ala, ka holomua a iʻole ka huakaʻi i ka nui o kona mau palena'āina, e kipa i nā hale hōʻike nani a me nā'ōnaehana archaeological, aiʻole lawe i kahi kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa no AD122 - ma laila. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopoʻia ka hōʻailona o nā moʻolelo Roman no ka helu alanui kaʻa e like me ka makahiki i kūkuluʻia aiʻo Hadrian's Wall.
ʻO Hadrian's Wall: He Kaʻina Pōkole
Ua noho pio nā Roma i Beritania mai AD 43 a ua kipaku iā ia i Scotland, a lanakila i nāʻohana Scottish, i ka AD 85. Akā, he mau pilikia nā Scots i ka AD 117, i ka wā i hele mai aiʻo Emperor Hadrian i ka mana, kauohaʻo ia e kūkulu i kahi pā e hoʻoikaika ae pale i ka palena'ākau o ka Pākē. Ua hele maiʻo ia e nānā iā ia i ka MH 122 aʻo ia ka lā i hānauʻia ai akā, i ka mea like, ua hoʻomakaʻia ma mua.
Ua ukaliʻo ia i ke ala o kekahi alanui Roma nui ma mua o ka'āina,ʻo Stanegate, a me kekahi o kona mau hale paʻa a me nāʻelele legionion i hala mua o ka kūkuluʻiaʻana o ka pā. Akā naʻe,ʻo ka hānaiʻana iā Hadrian. Aʻo kekahi o kāna mau hana houʻana,ʻo ia ka mea i hanaʻia ai nā puka kū i ka pā i hiki ai ke ohiʻia nāʻauhau a me nā tolls mai nā poʻe o ka'āina e hele i nā palena ma nā lā kūʻai.
Ua laweʻiaʻekolu hui Liona - aiʻole he 15,000 mau kānaka -ʻeono makahiki e hoʻopau ai i kahi hana hana kupanaha kupanaha, ma kahi o nā'āina kuahiwi, nā mauna, nā muliwai a me nā kahawai, a e hoʻopau i ka palena o ka pā a hiki i ke kahakai.
Akā, ua hoʻololi mua nā Roma i nā manaʻo o nāʻaoʻao'ē aʻe. I ka manawa a lākou i kūkulu ai i ka paia, ua hala mua ke Aupuni. Ua ho'āʻo lākou e hoʻokuʻu i ka'ākau i Scotland a haʻalele lākou i ka pā a kūkulu lākou i kahi'ē aʻe he 100 mile ma ka'ākau. ʻO ka Antonine Wall ma Scotlandʻaʻole loa iʻoi aku ka nui aʻe ma mua o ka kūkuluʻiaʻana o nā kahua he 37 mile ma mua o ka hoʻiʻana o nā Roma i ka Wall Wall o Hadrian.
Ma o 300 mau makahiki ma hope mai, i ka 410 AD, ua hala nā Roma a ua haʻalele loaʻia ka pā. No ka manawa pōkole, mālama nā luna i nā kūlana hana a me kaʻauhauʻauhau ma kaʻaoʻao o ka paia, akā ma mua o ka lōʻihi, ua lilo ia i mea liʻiliʻi ma mua o kahi kumu o nā mea hana i kūkuluʻia. Ināʻikeʻoe i nā kauhale ma kēlāʻaoʻao oʻEnelani nei,ʻikeʻoe i nā hōʻailona o ka Roman i kāhikoʻia i nā paia o nā hale pule o nā kūpuna a me nā hale aupuni, nā hale, a me nā hale papa pōhaku a me nā meaʻoi aku. He mea kupaianaha no ka nui o Hadrian's Wall eʻike nei.
Kahi a me pehea eʻike ai
Hiki i nā poʻe kipa ma ka Wall Wall o ke kahua koho ke koho e hele ma ka paia pono'ī, e kipa i nā wahi a me nā hale hoʻolālā maikaʻi ma ka paia a iʻole e hoʻohui i nā papahanaʻelua.
ʻO ka mea āu e koho ai e hilinaʻi ai, e pili ana i kou makemake i nā hana waho.
Ke heleʻana i ka Wall: ʻO nā paia nui o nā paia Roman i paʻaʻole ma waenakonu o ka'āina ma ke ala o Hadrian's Wall, kahi Alanui Māmā Loa Loa. ʻO nā lōʻihi lōʻihi loa ma waena o Birdoswald Roman Roman a me Sycamore Gap. He mau hiʻohiʻona kēia e pili ana i ka paia kokoke i Cawfields a me Steel Rigg ma Northumberland National Park. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēiaʻano hoʻopunipuni paʻakikī, iʻikeʻia i ka'ālunu. ke anuanu wikiwiki me nā puʻu kiʻekiʻe i nā wahi. ʻO ka luʻuluʻu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke alahele i ka liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi - ma waena o nā pani ma ke ala kaʻa kaʻa AD122, paha. Hoʻopuka ke kaʻa mai ka hoʻomakaʻana o Malaki a hiki i ka hopena oʻOkakopa (hiki i ka hoʻomakaʻana a me ka hopena o ka manawa ke hoʻololi i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e nānā pono i ke kaʻina pūnaewele).
Hoʻomaha mauʻiaʻo ia akā e haʻalele i ka laweʻana i nā holokai i kahi e maluhia ai e hana pēlā.
ʻO ka pūʻulu hoʻolālāʻo Adrian's Wall Country, e paipai ana i puke puke e pili ana i ka heleʻana i Hadrian's Wall e komo ana i nā palapala māmā a maʻalahi me nāʻike e pili ana i nā kaʻa kaʻa, nā hale hoʻokipa a me nā hale kiaʻi, kahi kaʻawale, nā palena'āina, nā wahi eʻai a inu ai a me nā keʻena. Ināʻoe e hoʻolālā ana i ka huakaʻi heleʻana ma kēia wahi, eʻoluʻolu e lawe i kēia palapala maikaʻi, free, 44-ʻaoʻao.
ʻO ka holoʻana i ka Wall:ʻO Cycleway Hadrian, kahi o ka National Cycle Network, i kuhikuhiʻia e like me NCR 72 ma nā hōʻailona. ʻAʻole ia he kuamoke alakai no ka mea,ʻaʻole ia e pili ana i ka paia ma waho o ka'āina ākea, akā hoʻohana i nā alanui i kālaiʻia a me nā ala kaʻa ala liʻiliʻi ma kahi kokoke. Inā makemakeʻoe eʻike pono i ka paia, ponoʻoe e hoʻopaʻa i kāu kaʻa a holo i kēlā.
Nā maka'āina: E nui ana ka heleʻana i ka pā no nā mea hoihoi i waho a inā makemakeʻoe i nā Roma ma kaʻaoʻao'ākau o ko lākou aupuni, eʻike pahaʻoe i ka nui o nā wahi archaeological a me nā maka'āina ma ka paia aʻoi aku kaʻoluʻolu. ʻO ka hapa nui kahi kaʻa kaʻa a hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma kahi kaʻa aʻoihana kaʻa paha. Hoʻomaopopoʻia nā mea he nui e ka National Trust a iʻole ka'ōlelo Pelekānia (e like pū ana) aʻo kekahi hoʻi kekahi mau koina komo. ʻO kēia nā mea maikaʻi loa:
- ʻO ka mokupuniʻo Birdoswald Roman Fort ka pae o ka lōʻihi lōʻihi o ka pā. ʻO ka pā o waho o ka pā kaua pono'ī ka mea i mālamaʻia ma ka pā a paʻa i ke kahua paʻa o ka pākaua, e like me nā hale papahele a me nāʻelima o nā hale kūponoʻeono. Ua lawe mai ka pūnaewele i kekahi o nāʻikeʻoi loa o archaeological i ka mea i hanaʻia ma ka Wall Wall a ka wā i haʻalele ai nā kānaka Roma mai Beretania. ʻO nā hanana malihini a me nā mea hou i kūkuluʻia me ka hoʻolimalimaʻia he £ 1.3 miliona, i weheʻia i ka lehulehu i ka 2018. Hoʻomoʻi lākou i kahi hōʻailona hou e hiki ai i nā malihini ke komo i ka honua o kahi koa Roma, ka cafe, kahi kūʻai a me kahi lumi hale. nā hana piliʻohana.
- Hoʻomaʻaʻia mai Malaki 30 a 30ʻOkakopa 30, 10 am a 6 pm a maiʻOkakopa 1 a Nowema 4 a 5 pm Mai ka lā 5 o Nowemapa a hiki i Malaki 29, wehe waleʻiaʻo Birdoswald i nā hebedoma pule. ʻO ke komoʻana o nā mākua me ka hāʻawiʻole i ke kōkua kōkua he £ 6.50; Loaʻa nā pahu pili keiki a me nāʻohana a me nā kuʻina. Hoʻokomo pūʻia ka pūnaewele ma luna o ka pae'āina o ka pilina o ka pilina o nā kūpuna .
- ʻO ka Chesters Roman Fort a me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike, he 30 mau mile mai kaʻaoʻao hikina o ka pā,ʻo ia ka hale kaʻa nui o Roman a me ka haleʻauʻau koa i Britain. ʻO ka hale holoi, kokoke i ka muliwai Tyne he mea hoʻonani, me nā paia i mālamaʻia a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomakaʻana o nā paepae ma kekahi mau wahi. Aia nā pā kaua a me ka hale o ke Kāne Commander a me ka hale hōʻikeʻike maikaʻi a me nā kālai'āina e loaʻa mai kahi pūnaewele. Hoʻokahi kumu e mālama ponoʻia aiʻo Chesters ma muli o ka palekanaʻana mai nā pōhaku haohue a me ka'ō'ō palau a ka mea nona ka'āina,ʻo John Clayton, nāna i hana i ka pana a me ka paleʻana i ka pūnaewele (a me nā mea'ē aʻe āna i loaʻa ai ma ka paia) i kāna hana. He ola lōʻihi ia no ka makahiki, ma ka hikiʻana o ke kenekulia 19 e kokoke i ka 20, mai 1792 a hiki i ka makahiki 1890.
- ʻO nā hola hoʻolālā ua like nō ia me nā Pākehāʻo Birdoswald Roma ma luna. ʻO ke komoʻana o nā mākua, me ka makanaʻoleʻae he £ 7; Loaʻa nā pahu pili keiki a me nāʻohana a me nā kuʻina. Hoʻokomo pūʻia ka pūnaewele ma luna o ka pae'āina o ka pilina o ka pilina o nā kūpuna .
- ʻO Corbridge Roman Town. Ma kahi o 350 mau makahiki, ua hoʻololi maoliʻo Corbridge mai kahi kahua kaua o nā pūʻali koa Roman i kahi kūlanakauhale kūʻokoʻa e ulu ana kahi i noho ai nā kānaka o nā'āina likeʻole o ka Mō'ī a me ke kālepa. I ka 2018, hiki i nā malihini keʻike i nā hua o kahi kūʻai he £ 575,000 i loko o kahi hōʻailona hou e hoʻolālā i kahi moʻomanaʻo e hele ana no ka nui o 150,000 mau mea i hōʻikeʻia ma ka pūnaewele. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana o Corbridge i kahi mea nui loa ma ka mālamaʻana i ka waiwai Pelekānia. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi he 20 hapahā o ke kolamu Corbridge, ke aniani, ka ipu lepo, nā mea hana a me nā mea hoʻonani pono'ī,ʻaʻole iʻike muaʻia ma mua o ka lehulehu. ʻO ka pūnaewele he mau mile 19 ma ke komohana o Newcastle-upon-Tyne ma o ka A69. Loaʻa nā lawelawe kaʻa kaʻa mai ke kūlanakauhale a me ka kauhale o Hexham. ʻO ke kūlanakauhale hou o Corbridge e lawelaweʻia e nā trains aʻo ka mea hoʻonohonoho he wahi 20 minute ka mamao mai kahi kahua Roman. Loaʻa ka kaʻa kaʻa kaʻawale ma ka pūnaewele a me kaʻoi aku o nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻawale i loko o ke kūlanakauhale i kēia manawa, hoʻokahi mile a me ka hapaha.
- ʻO nā hola hoʻonā like me Birdoswald a me Chesters, ma luna. ʻO ka hoʻokipaʻana o nā mākua he £ 7.60, me ke keiki, nā kākoʻoʻohana a me nā kōkua i hoʻokomoʻia a me ka hoʻokomoʻana i ka Passive Pass Pass. I ka manawa o kākau (March 24, 2018) paniʻia ka hale hōʻikeʻike o ka hale e hoʻomākaukau i ke kiʻi hou. A hiki i ka lā 27 oʻApelila, 2018., i ka wā i hoʻolālāʻia ai e wehe hou, e hoʻokomoʻia ke kumu kūʻai hoʻemi.
- Ma nā palena o Northumberland National Park kokoke i ka haleʻo Bardon Mill / Haydon a Haltwhistle paha. ʻO kona kūlana kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi aku nei i nāʻike kupaianaha ma luna o ka'āina a puni, a ma ka hikina o ka pā o ka pā kaua o ka'ākau, ākea nui o Hadrian's Wall. He 800 mau koa Roma i noho ma kahi o nā Halehale. ʻAʻole lākou i makaʻu i kā lākou'ōleloʻana; Wahi a ka'ōlelo Pelekānia,ʻo ia me ka National Trust, nona ka mana a mālama i ka pūnaewele,ʻo ka inoa mua o ka hale kaua,ʻo Vercovicium,ʻo ia hoʻi "kahi o nā mea hakakā". Ke hōʻike nei ka hale hōʻikeʻike ma kahi pūnaewele i kahi e kūkuluʻia ai ka pākaua a me ke kūlanakauhale kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale. Aia kahi National Center Visitors me kahi meaʻai. Pono kēia papahana e hōʻoia i kahi kūlana o ka hoʻoikaika i ka holo 'ana o 10 minute mai ka Pūnaewele Visitor i ka pā kaua iho e like me he "kūpono loa."
- ʻO nā hola hoʻonā , nā kūlana o ke komoʻana a me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā pilina o ka'ōlelo Pelekane Pelekānia e like me nā pae hoʻoilina oʻEnelani ma ka paia. ʻO ka hoʻokomoʻana o nā mākua i kahi £ 7.80.
Nā Hiki o Hadrian's Wall
ʻO Hadrian's Wall Ltd. nā huakaʻi hele a me nā pōkole pōkole ma ka paia, e hōʻea ana mai kahi lā hoʻokahi, 4 huakani kaʻa e hoʻokele ai me nā pani ma nā kahua kikowā ma ka paia a hiki iʻelua aʻekolu paha mau pō pōkole i kahi hale me nā safaris, ʻO ka hele a alakaʻiʻia paha i hoʻohuiʻia me ka hāʻuleʻana o ka pahu a me nā kiʻi. He mea kūpono nā koho a nā hui no nā mea makemakeʻole e hele i kahi mamao i kēlā me kēia lā a iʻole e hopohopo paha e hele i kahi lōʻihi i kahi mamao o ka'āina. ʻO nā kumukūʻai (ma 2018) mai £ 250 no nā hui oʻeono kānaka i hoʻokahi safari lā hoʻokahi a hiki i ka £ 275 i kēlā me kēia kanaka no ke kolu o ka pō, me nā hola pōkole me nā safaris a me nā helehelena alakaʻi.
ʻO Hadrian's Wall Country, kahi punaewele pūnaewele kūikawā no nāʻoihana, nā mākaʻikaʻi a me nā palena'āina i ka lōʻihi o ka Had Wall's Wall, e mālama nei i ka papa inoa o nā alakaʻi helekaʻi kūikawā a hiki i ka poʻe hiki ke hele i ka paia me kaʻoluʻolu a me ka maluhia.
ʻO ka mea'ē aʻe i kokoke
Ma waena o Newcastle / Gateshead ma ka hikina a me Carlisle ma ke komohana, he wahi kēia i piha i nā hale kākela, nā huakai, nā mokupuni'āina a me nā maka'āinana Roman e lawe aku i nā hua'ōlelo he tausani e kākau i nā mea a pau. Eia hou, e nānā i kahi pūnaewele o Hadrian's Wall Country, kahiʻike maikaʻi a me nā mea pilikino me nā mea e hana ai no nā pono a pau o ka wahi.
Akā, hoʻokahi "mākaʻikaʻi" kahi Roman Vindolanda o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻikeʻo Roman, kahiʻenehana archaeological, kahi hoʻonaʻauao a me kahi hoʻokipaʻohanaʻaʻole mamao loa mai ka paia. I kēlā me kēia kauwela,ʻikeʻia nā mea kupaianaha i kēia mau hale hoʻolālā kaua e pani mua ana i ka Wall Wall a hiki i ka 900, 400 mau makahiki ma hope o ka haʻaleleʻiaʻana o ka pā. Ua liloʻo Vindolanda i wahi kahua a me kahi paʻa no nā koa a me nā limahana i kūkulu i ka Wall of Hadrian.
Aia ma waena o nā papahana nui loa o nā papa inoa kākau Vindolanda. ʻO nā papa, nā mino liʻiliʻi o nā lāʻau i uhiʻia i nā leka a me nā pilikino,ʻo ia ka hōʻailona ola loa loa o nā lima kākau i loaʻa ma Beretania. Ua hoʻoholoʻia e nā meaʻike a me nā lehulehu e like me "British's Top Treasure",ʻo nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo ma luna o kēia mau palapala, he mau hōʻailona ia i nā kikoo o nā ola o nā koa a me nā limahana Roma. ʻO ke alohaʻana i ka lā hānau, nā leka kālepa, nā noi no ka hoʻoukaʻana o nā pīpī a me nā kāmela mahana e kauʻia ana i nā lau like me nā pepa likeʻole, i ola nuiʻia i ka 2,000 makahiki. ʻAʻohe mea'ē aʻe e like me kēia mau papa i ka honua. Ua mālamaʻia ka hapa nui o nā papa ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike'Ilekania ma Lādana, akā mai ka makahiki 2011, mahalo i ka hoʻokele kālā he miliona-miliona, ua hoʻihoʻiʻia kekahi o nā leka i Vindolanda, kahi i hōʻikeʻia ai i kahi pahu hili. ʻO Vindolanda ka pilinaʻohana, me nāʻoihana, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, nā hōʻike a me ka manawa kūpono eʻike a komo i kaʻike maoli i nā kauwela a pau. Hoʻolālāʻia ka pūnaewele e kahi hilinaʻi aloha a me ke komoʻana.