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Ka Papa e alakaʻi iā Hetch Hetchy
Inā kokokeʻoe iā Yosemite a i'ōlelo kekahi iā Hetch Hetchy,ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻeuʻeu a hōʻoluʻolu paha. Kama'āina, ke kamaʻilio nei lākou e pili ana i kahi awāwa i kālai'āinaʻia e John Muir kahi mea i kapaʻia he "kūlana kūpono" i ka loliʻo Yosemite.
A hiki i ka makahiki 1913, ua poho ka wai i nā pali kūlana kiʻekiʻe i ke awāwa ma lalo. I kēia lā, piha ka loko iʻa i ke kahawai a komo i loko o ke kai.
Ināʻoe e noʻonoʻo ana e kipa aku iā Hetch Hetchy i ka wā o ko Yosemite vacation, hiki i kēia mau mea maikaʻi, kūkā, a me nā manaʻo ke kōkua iāʻoe e hoʻoholo i ka hele.
E hele i Hetch Hertchy
ʻO ka'āina i kapaʻiaʻo Hetch Hetchy kahi nui i kanuʻia ma lalo o kahi kai. ʻO kahi hola hola paha mai ka CA Highway 120.
He nani a hoʻokipaʻo Hetch Hetchy, akā,ʻaʻole ia i waena o nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe ma Yosemite. ʻAʻole hiki i ka lōʻihi lōʻihi ke hele aku i laila inā lōʻihi kou manawa. Inā nohoʻekolu lā aʻehā mau lā aiʻole e hana hou i ka huakaʻi, hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi maikaʻi i ka wikiwiki.
Ma ka Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, hiki iāʻoe ke hele ma kahi o ka damū a aʻo hou e pili ana i ka moʻolelo o ka'āina mai nā hōʻailona unuhi. Ma muli o kona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa,ʻo Hetch Hetchy ka wā lōʻihi o ka holoʻana ma kahi papa. Hiki iāʻoe ke hele ma nā alahele, mai kaʻelua a 13 mile ka lōʻihi.
I ka'ōpuna, ulu nā'ōhua i nā ala. ʻO Wapama Falls keʻike ponoʻia mai ka dam. Hāʻawiʻia ka lawaiʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma Hetch Hetchy, me ka palapala laikini kalepa Kaleponi maikaʻi.
Hoʻomaopopoʻia nā pets ma kahi kaʻa hāpai wale nō, ma kahi lepa, akā hikiʻole ke hele ma nā alaloa a iʻole ka makua.
02 o 05
ʻO O'Shaughnessy Dam
I ka makahiki 1913, no ka manawa hoʻokahi wale nō i ka moʻolelo, ua hāʻawi aku ka US i kekahi kūlanakauhale i kahi kūpono o kahi papa'āina no ka hoʻohana ponoʻana. Ua kaulimaʻo Pelekikena Woodrow Wilson i ka Loi Raker i ka lā 19 o Dekemaba, 1913, a uaʻaeʻiaʻo San Francisco e kūkulu i kahi wai kū ma ke awāwaʻo Hetch Hetchy. I ka hōʻoiaʻana i ka makahiki 1923, ua kū ka O'Shaughnessy Dam i 364 kapuaʻi kiʻekiʻe. Ua kapaʻiaʻo ia no ke keena nui o ka Hetch Hetchy Project.
ʻO ke kai kahi iʻewalu mile ma ke kahawaiʻo Tuolumne a he wai wai no nā kānaka e noho nei ma San Francisco, San Mateo a me nā Alameda e pili ana i kahi 160 mile mai kahi mamao.
ʻO Hetch Hetchy ma mua o ka wai wai wale nō. ʻO ia hoʻi ka iwi hope o ka pūnaehana ikaika o San Francisco, hāʻawi i ka mana hydroelectric mai nā hale kūkuluʻehā.
03 o 05
Wapama Falls
ʻO kekahi o nā wahi kūikawā nui loa ma Hetch Hetchy, Wapama Falls kahi 1,300 kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi e holo wikiwiki ana i ka wai puna i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ai ka hau. A ke kahe i loko o ke kai.
ʻOiaiʻaʻole hiki keʻikeʻia ma ka wikiwiki o ka wahi kaʻa a me damTueeulala Falls hoʻi i loko o ka loko.
04 o 05
Loaʻa iā Hetch Hetchy:ʻO Ka Palapala'āina
ʻO ka mokupuniʻo Yosemite National Parkʻo Hetch a me ke Kai Kūʻono ma kahi o 3,800 kapuaʻi kiʻekiʻe, ma kaʻaoʻao hikina o ka pā, e pili ana i kahi mile ma ka hikina o ke komoʻana o Big'Oak Flat i Yosemite. Hiki iāʻoe keʻike i kahi o kēia mahele palapala Yosemite.
No ka hiki iā Hetch Hetchy, ponoʻoe e haʻalele i ka National Park o Yosemite a hoʻi hou i kahi. E lawe iā CA Highway 120 mai ka papa lāʻau i Groveland. Mai ke ala nui, kokoke i kahi 20 a 25 mau minuke kaʻa i ka wahi kaʻa.
ʻO ka hola hola hola i Hetch Hetchy mai CA Highway 120 hoʻomaka aku ma waho o ka palena papa. Heleʻo ia ma Camp Mather, kahi kūkulu kūkulu no ka O'Shaughnessy Dam, a - no ka mea, nona ke kuleana o ka'āina a ke kūlanakauhale - i kēia manawaʻo ka pā kulaʻo San Francisco.
Mai laila aku, aia ka alanui e pili ana i ka muliwaiʻo Tuolumne, e piʻi ana ma luna o ke awāwa Poopenaut a hiki i kekahi wahi kaʻa a me kahi kahua hoʻomoana. No ka mākaʻikaʻiʻana iā Hetch Hetchy, eʻaeʻia i kahi 1.5 mau hola e hele ai i ka huakaʻi nui mai kahi alaloa nui.
ʻO nā kaʻaʻoi aʻe ma kahi o 25 kapuaʻi lōʻihi e pāpāʻia ma ke ala liʻiliʻi, a ma kahi o ka holoʻana i Hetch Hetchy.
05 o 05
ʻO Hetch Ka Pāpū Kūpū ma mua o ka Dam
ʻO kēia pelekane a Albert Bierstadt - inā paha he kūponoʻole - hāʻawi iāʻoe i ka manaʻo o keʻano o ke awāwa i mua o ka makuakāne, a pehea hoʻi e nānā ai inā hoʻiʻia i kona'āina kūlohelohe.
ʻO ka hakakāʻana e mālama iā Hetch Hetchy
I ka makahiki 1870, kapaʻiaʻo John Muirʻo ke awaʻo Hetch Hetchy "kahiʻano kūpono loa o ka Yosemite nui." I ka wā i hoʻokuʻuʻia ai ka muliwaiʻo Tuolumne ma Hetch Hetchy Valley, ua hoʻomaka muaʻia ka kū'ēʻana mai o Muir. Ua'ōleloʻiaʻo ia e ka Sierra Club a me nā mea'ē aʻe e like me ka'ōleloʻana: "Dam Hetch Hetchy!ʻO ke kahawai no nā waiwai nā hale pule a me nā halepule o nā kānaka, no ka meaʻaʻole i hoʻolaʻaʻia kekahi luakiniʻoi aʻe e ka naʻau o ke kanaka."
ʻO Muir a me kona mau hoa kōkua i hakakā i kahi kaua hakakā,ʻo ia hope loa i loko o Muir (ʻo ia i make i ka makahiki 1914), akā ua nalowale lākou. Ua hinaʻo Hetch Hatekone i ke awāwa. I kēia mau lā, ua kū'ē kekahi i kona alo a ho'āʻo e wehe. E heluhelu i ko lākou manaʻo.
I ke kenekulia ma hope mai, ua nui ka hakakā. I ka makahiki 1987, hāʻawiʻia e ke Kākauʻo Kalaiainaʻo Donald Hodel e hoʻolālā e hoʻoula hou i ke awāwaʻo Hetch Hetchy. Ke kākoʻo nei ka Sierra Club i ke kaomi mau no ka wāwahiʻana i ka wai āpau a hoʻihoʻi i ka awāwa, aʻo kaʻahahui Hoʻohoʻi Hetch Hetchy he nui kaʻike e pili ana i ke kūlana o kēia manawa,ʻo kaʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i nā mele a me nāʻano e hiki ai ke lohe i kou manaʻo.