Hoʻomaopopo nā mea hōkūʻeleʻele a me nā mea hōkū kilokilo - me kaʻikeʻana o ka Sky Sky i ka honua,ʻo nā wahi momona hōʻoluʻolu o Beretania e hui pū me nā wahi pouli loa ma ka honua.
ʻO ka'ōlohelohe o ka pouli ma luna o ka lani kahi mea i maʻalahiʻole i ka manaʻo i ka wā e noʻonoʻo aiʻoe iā Beretania. ʻOiaʻiʻo,ʻo kēia lāhui liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi iʻoi aku i ka 60 miliona mau kānaka i loaʻaʻole kahi wahi me ka nele i ka haumia o ka haumia - a me nā poʻe'ē aʻe - eʻike ponoʻoe i loko o ka naʻau o ke ao holoʻokoʻa.
Ināʻoe e noʻonoʻo, ponoʻoe i ka hewa, aʻo Beritania ka hōʻailona International International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) e ho'āʻo ai.
ʻO ka IDA, ka US-based, nā hui mālama waiwaiʻole e hoʻomaopopo ana i nā wahi laniʻeleʻele a hana hoʻi e pale aku iā lākou, eʻike ana i nā wahiʻelima UK Dark Sky e like me ka Dark Sky Parks a iʻole ka pouli o ka lani.
Ināʻike wau e pili ana iā lākou ma mua,ʻaʻole au i kāleʻa i ke kukui'ōmaʻomaʻu'ōmaʻomaʻu lahilahi o nā kukui o nā alanui Lādana eʻike i ka Supermoon Eclipse o Sepatemaba 2015.
ʻEono o nā wahi pouli loa ma Beretania
Ināʻoe he hōʻailona kilokilo, he mea aloha a iʻole paha eʻimi ana i kahi maluhia a maluhia loa, he mau wahi nui kēia mau wahi e hoʻokumu ai i kāu kelepona a iʻole e hoʻi hou i ka mauʻu ae hauʻoli i nā hōkū:
1. ka National Park Park Snowdonia
I Dekemaba 2015, ua liloʻo Snowdonia i mea hou loa o ka UKA IDA Certified International Dark Sky Reserve. Ua manaʻoʻia kekahi o nā wahi pōuliuli loa ma Beretania aʻo ia kekahi o nā 10 Dark Dark Reserves i ka honua.
ʻO ke kuʻemaka, ka mauna o ka pīkole e kākoʻo ana i ka noho liʻiliʻi loa a lilo i kahi'āina pouli. ʻO ka kohoʻiaʻanaʻo ia wale nō ka hoʻomaka o ka hanaʻeleʻele pōʻeleʻele, me nā papa hoʻokumu a me nā papa hoʻonaʻauao ma ke ala. E nānā i kēia māhele.
2. Ke kalana o Elan Valley ma Wales
ʻO ke awāwa, ma waenakonu o Wales, kahiʻo Cambrian Mountains ma waena o Brecon Beacons National Park a me ka National Park Parkʻo Snowdonia . He hale ia no ka pūnaewele o nā luawai a me nā pani i kūkulu muaʻia e hāʻawi i ka wai i ke kūlanakauhaleʻo Birmingham, he mau haneli mile mile.
Ua hoʻokahuliʻia kekahi o nā damua mua i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II e like me RAF Bomber Command i hoʻohanaʻia no ka hoʻouka kauaʻana o nā Dambusters. Loaʻaʻia e ka waiʻo Welsh i kēia lā, ke hoʻolako wai mau nā wai i ka wai, akā ua mālamaʻia ke awawaʻo'Elan e like me ka waiwai mālama waiwaiʻole.
ʻO ka 72 mau mile kaulike o nāʻano a me nā loko,ʻo ia wale nō kahi i hikiʻole keʻikeʻia e Dark Sky Park ma ka honua. ʻO kahi kūpono kahi e kipa ai no ka hoʻouluhuaʻana a nānā aku a kiʻi i kahi nui o nā holoholona hihiu.
Aia nā papa pāʻani a me kahi pūnaewele malihini kipa a me nā hui kūikawā o ka lani me nā poʻe akamai e kōkua iāʻoe e noʻonoʻo i nā mea a pau. Hiki i nā hokele, nā B & B, nā hale hoʻokipa a me nā wahi hoʻomoana ma ka pūnaewele papa. ʻAʻole i'āponoʻia nā kahua hoʻomoana o ka wao nahele (ʻo nā halelewa o nā kahua hoʻomoana) akā ua lohe au e hana ana kekahi poʻe hoʻolālā akamai. E kipa i kā lākou pūnaewele e aʻo hou aku.
3. ka Pālaʻai Māla o Kalāʻau ma Scotland
Ma kahi kokoke i 193,000 eka,ʻo ia ka UK ulu nui o nā ululāʻau nui a 20 hapahā o ia mea i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia no ka mālamaʻana i nā ao pouli a me nā holoholona āpau. ʻAʻole iʻaeʻia ka hoʻomālamalama mau loa i waena o ka piko. Aiaʻo Scotland i nāʻeleʻele loa maʻEulopa aʻo ka Pākīpikaʻo Galloway Forest ka nui loa o kaʻeleʻele i Scotland - ua likeʻia e like me ka pōʻeleʻele i loko o ke kekona kiʻi.
Ma ka pō maikaʻi, eʻikeʻia nā'ōmela he 7,000 me nā maka'ōlohelohe. ʻO nā manaʻoʻike maikaʻi loa mai nā hale kipaʻekolu mai kahi o ka pōʻeleʻele o ka papa. A, i ka makahiki hou, hiki i ka pouli o Skies Park Rangers e kōkua iāʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea e nānā ai.
Mālamaʻia nā Dark Sky nā mea āpau a hiki i ka lehulehu (Scottish Observatory Sky Sky Observatory kokoke i Dalmellington) (ʻoiai e nānāʻia ana nā papa hana a me ka hoʻokomoʻiaʻana). Aʻoiai e loaʻa ana nā hale hoʻokipa o Forest Park, uaʻaeʻia nā kauhale hihiu ma Scotland e hiki ai iāʻoe ke huli i kou wahi pono'ī e nānā ai i ka pō o ka pō. E kipa i kā lākou pūnaewele e aʻo hou aku.
4. Northumberland National Park
ʻO kēia National Park, ma kaʻaoʻaoʻoʻEnelani-Scotland, kekahi o nā wahi mehameha oʻEnelani, me ka emiʻole o 2,500 ma kahi o nā mile he 405.
No laila, he wahi kūpono ia no kahi pōuliuli pōʻeleʻele. Aʻo ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo Northumberland kahi homeʻekolu o ka nui o ka Sky Sky i mālamaʻia i ka honua.
Hoʻokumu pinepineʻia nā Hōkū Hoʻolahalaha a me nā Pōhaku Sky, i kūpono no nāʻohana a me nā poʻe o nā mea a pau. Uaʻikeʻia kahi hui nui o ka Dark Sky Discovery Sites (kokoke i kahi kaʻahua, ka hale lole a me nā pubs) ma kahi o ka papa a ua heluʻia ma kona pūnaewele.
Aia i loko o ka papa i kahi pūnaeweleʻo Kielder Water Forest me kona Kielder Observatory, he meaʻike maka'āinana kahi e loaʻa ai iāʻoe ka pōmaikaʻi eʻike i nā apo o Saturn. Ma 250 mauʻeka,ʻo Kielder ka ululāʻau mahi nui loa maʻEnelani me ke kai manoma nui ma Northern Europe. E hoʻolālā i ka hōkū hōkū ma kēia wahi, a ma waho aʻe o ka pae honua a me nā uawe meteo, he manawa kūpono eʻike i nā Northern Lights.
5. Ma muli o ka'Āpana National Park ma Wales
ʻO nā Beacons, nā puʻu kiʻekiʻe o ka Brecon Beacons National Park, kahi mea maikaʻi e nānā ai i ka lani i ka pō. No laila, he mea kupanaha ma kahi o nā hipa iʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe 30 i ka hoʻokahi, he 33,000 mau kānaka i noho i ko lākou home. Ua hana nui nā poʻe maʻaneʻi i ka hoʻonaniʻana i ko lākou mau kukui ākea a me ka'ōlelo Ordnance Survey 2015, "ʻO ka hana paʻakikī he maopopo maoli ka ukuʻana - ma ka pō pōʻeleʻele hiki iāʻoe keʻike e pili ana i nā mea a pau mai kēlā me kēia wahi" . ʻO ka Milky Way, nā meteo ua nui, ka lālā keʻokeʻo a me kaʻike hou aʻe i ka maka maka.
ʻO ka National Park kahi'ōnaeʻa o ka pouli. I mea e maʻalahi ai ka poʻe hoʻomaka eʻike i kahi wahi maikaʻi, ua helu ka pūnaewele papa i nā wahi heʻumi e hele ai i ka hōkūʻana, me nā hoʻonohonoho pūnaewele. ʻAʻole iʻaeʻia kahi hoʻomoana kauhale ma kahi o ka papa, akā inā hiki iāʻoe keʻoki i kou mau maka mai ka lewa, nui nā wahi e noho ai.
6. Ke kaiapuni o Exmoor
ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana ma North Devon a me West Somerset he 267 mau mileʻeka o nā kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe, nā kai ākea, nā kahakai a me nā pali kahakai kiʻekiʻe maʻEnelani ma kahi o 800 kapuaʻi (ʻo Beachy Head ma kaʻaoʻao hema ka pali papa kiʻekiʻe loa).
Ua noho nui nā pony o ka'āina ma mua o nā kānaka a ua hauʻoli lākou i ka pōʻeleʻele o Sky noʻaneʻi no nā makahiki he mau makahiki. Ua manaʻoʻia lākouʻo ka pilikino kokoke loa i Pelekania i nā lio lio o Europa. E noʻonoʻo iāʻoe iho ke pōmaikaʻi ināʻikeʻoe i kekahi no ka mea, ma ka nahelehele,ʻoi aku kaʻoi o ka hapa o ka pandas.
ʻOiai ua hoʻonohonohoʻiaʻo ia i nā pōʻeleʻele pouli loa o ka Lani Sky Reserve maʻEnelani, ua maʻalahi kēia papa i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale e pili ana - Bristol , Exeter, Barnstaple, Bridgewater, Taunton - he hiki ke loaʻa i nā hale o nāʻano likeʻole.
Aia i loko o 81 mau mile ka māheleʻo Dark Sky Reserve kahi nui o nā hale kanu hoʻomauʻo Bronze Age, kahi lālā mālama'āina no ka'Imikepekema'Ipekema Kepani a me kahi kauhale kua haʻaleleʻia. ʻO ka Europa mua ia o ka honua. I mea e kōkua ai iāʻoe eʻimi i ka mea, ua hoʻopuka lākou i kahi kiʻiʻo Dark Sky Pocket.