ʻO nā maʻi maʻi nui loa oʻAmelika e laweʻia e nā'ōpala - e like me ka maʻi maʻi , ka welaʻeleʻele a me ka maike dengue. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole nā makika nā mea iʻoi aku ka make wale ma kaʻaoʻaoʻAmelika. Hoʻokuʻuʻia nā lele lele e nā'ōpili oʻApelika (ma ka maʻi hiamoe) i nā holoholona a me nā kānaka ma 39 mau'āina haʻahaʻa. Hoʻokomo pinepineʻia ka maʻamau i nā wahi kaiāulu, a no laila e pili ana i kēlā mau hoʻollalāʻana ma ka mākaʻikaʻiʻana i nā mahi'āina aiʻole nā papa hoʻolālā.
ʻO ke kukui kū
ʻO ka hua'ōlelo "tsetse",ʻo ia hoʻi "lele" ma Tswana, a pili i nāʻano 23 a pau o ka genus Glossina lele. Māiʻa nā iʻa lele i ke koko o nā holoholona momona, e like me nā kānaka, a i ka hanaʻana pēlā, e hoʻokuʻu i ka maʻi maʻi moe i nā holoholona i hoʻopiliʻia i nā mea i loaʻaʻole. Ua like nā nalu me ka lele o nā hale maʻamau, akā hiki keʻikeʻia e nāʻikeʻelua. Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ka leleʻana o nā manu lele a pau, a iʻole ka hōʻailona, e hoʻonui ana i ka lepo mai ke kumu o ko lākou poʻo. I ka manawa e hoʻomaha ai, e uhi ana ko lākou mau'ēheu ma luna o ka'ōpū, hoʻokahi ma luna o kekahi.
ʻO ka hiamoe i nā holoholona
Hiki i nā hanpanosōniaʻAmelika ke hoʻololi i nā hopena o nā holoholona, a ma nāʻano holoholona. Hoʻonui nāwaliwali nā holoholona i nā holoholona, i ke kumuʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke mahi palau a hāʻawi i ka waiū. Hiki pinepine nā wāhine hānau i kā lākou mau'ōpiopio, a laila, e make ka mea i make. Hoʻolimalima nā pāheona no nā pipi me ka maikaʻi ole.
No laila, hikiʻole i ka mahiʻai nuiʻana ke hikiʻole i nā wahi i loaʻa i ka maʻi. ʻO nā mea e ho'āʻo nei e mālama holoholona i ka maʻi a me ka make, me 3 miliona mau bipi e make ana i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai ka maʻi.
Ma muli o kēia,ʻo ka lele lele kekahi o nā meaʻoi loa o ka mana ma ka'āinaʻAmelika.
Aia ma kahi i kokoke i 10 miliona kilomika kilomika ma lalo o ka Honua Sahaina - aina momona e hiki ole ke lawelawe pono ia. ʻOiai,ʻo ka lele lele he pinepine ia e like me kekahi o nā kumu nui o kaʻilihune ma'Afelika. ʻO nā'āina 39 i hoʻopiliʻia e nā hanpanosopia holoholona a'Africa, 30 i kapaʻia he mau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, lāhuiʻaiʻai.
ʻO kekahiʻaoʻao,ʻo ia ka hopohopo no ka mālamaʻana i nā kiʻi nui o nā wahi noho holoholona i hoʻololiʻia i ka'āina mahi'āina. ʻO kēia mau wahi nā wahi paʻa hope loa o nā holoholona'ōiwi oʻAmelika. ʻOiai nā holoholona hiʻila (ʻoiai ka antelope a me ka warthog) ua maʻalahi i ka maʻi, ua emi iki lākou ma mua o ka pipi.
ʻO ka hiamoe i nā kānaka
No nā 23 lele lele,ʻeono wale nōʻeono e hōʻike ai i ka maʻi moe i nā kānaka. ʻElua mau kaumaha o keʻano o nā trypanosomias Aferika: Trypanosoma brucei gambiense a me Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense . ʻO ka mua ma kahi lōʻihi loa, ua heluʻia he 97% o nā hihia i hōʻikeʻia. Hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ia i Central a me West Africa , a hiki ke weheʻia no nā mahina ma mua o ka pukaʻana o nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka hope o kēia hope he mea maʻamau ka lōʻihi, wikiwiki e ulu a hoʻopaʻaʻia i Southern a me East Africa .
ʻO Uganda wale nō ka'āina me Tb gambiense a me Tb rhodesiense .
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi hiamoe e hoʻokauʻia ka luhi, nā maka'āinana, nā maʻi a me ka wela nui. I ka manawa, e hoʻopili ka maʻi i ka pūpū o ke kaiapena o ka piko, e ulu ai i nā maʻi moe, nā maʻi o nā maʻi pīpī, hopu, a me ka hopena. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, i ka hāʻuleʻana o ka maʻi hiamoe i loko o ke kanaka. Wahi a ka World Health Organization,ʻoiai he 300,000 mau hihia hou o ka maʻi i ka makahiki 1995, ua manaʻoʻia he 15,000 mau hihia hou i ka makahiki 2014. E hoʻoholoʻia ka emiʻana i ka mālamaʻana i ka nui o ka poʻe lele, a me ka hōʻoia maikaʻiʻana. maʻi.
Ke pale nei i ka maʻi maʻi moe
ʻAʻohe maʻi lapaʻau aiʻole prophylactics no ka maʻi hiamoe kanaka. ʻO ke ala wale nō e pale aku ai i ka maʻiʻana,ʻo ia ke pale i kaʻaiʻana - akā, inā eʻaiʻiaʻoe, hikiʻole i ka loaʻaʻole o nā maʻi ka liʻiliʻi.
Ināʻoe e hoʻolālā i ka heleʻana i kahi wahi i loaʻa i ka maʻi pīpī, e mālama i ka hoʻopaʻaʻana i nā mīkini lōʻihi a me nā lole lōʻihi. ʻOi ka mea maikaʻi loa i ka paʻakai pākuʻi, no ka mea, hiki i nā nalona keʻai ma o nā mea kikokikona. He mea nui ka leo o ke kuʻihewa, no ka mea, ua maʻa nā nalu i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo, pouli, a me keʻanoʻulaʻula (a me ka uliuli - aia kekahi kumu e kaki mau ai nā kakihi palekana).
Hoʻokomo pūʻia nā nalo lele i ka hoʻohuliʻana i nā kaʻa, no laila e hoʻomaopopo ponoʻoe e nānā i kāu kaʻa a kaʻa paha ma mua o ka hoʻomakaʻana i kahi pāʻani kēmu. Noho lākou i loko o nā mea ulu lāʻau i nā hola lōʻihi loa o ka lā, no laila, hoʻomākaukau i ka hola i nā kakahiaka a me nā ahiahi. Hoʻokumu wale ka pilikino i ka paleʻana i nā nalo. Eia nō naʻe, pono ke kūʻaiʻana i nāʻaʻahu i mālamaʻia i ka permethrin, a me ke koiʻana me nā hana hana e like me DEET, Picaridin, a meʻOLE. E hōʻoia i kāu nūnū a hale hōkele paha i kahiʻupena nūnē, aiʻole e waiho i kekahi mea kiko'ī ma kāuʻeke.
E mālama ana i ka maʻi maʻi moe
E mālama pono i nā hōʻailona i hōʻikeʻia ma luna nei,ʻoiai inā he mau mahina ma hope o kou hoʻiʻana mai kahi wahi mai i kahi pūpū. Inā manaʻoʻoe ua loaʻaʻoe i ka maʻi, e huli kokeʻoe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e hoʻomaopopo pono i kāu kauka i kahi manawa i hala aiʻoe i kahi'āina. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau āu e hāʻawi ai e pili ana i ke kaumaha o ka pume i loaʻa iāʻoe, akā inā ma kēlā me kēia hihia, ponoʻoe e mālamaʻia no nā makahikiʻelua i ka hoʻoholoʻana ua holomua ka lāʻau.
ʻO ke kūlana o ka moeʻana i ka maʻi
Me ka maʻi o ka maʻi,ʻaʻoleʻoe eʻae i ka hopohopo no ka moeʻana e pani iāʻoe mai ka heleʻana i'Afelika. ʻO ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā poʻe kipa i ka maʻi, no ka mea,ʻo ia ka mea nui e pilikia ana i nā mahiʻai āpau, nā mea huli a me nā lawaiʻa me kaʻike lōʻihi i nā wahi kuʻi. Ināʻoe e hopohopo, e pale i ka heleʻana i ka Repubalika Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). ʻO 70% o nā hihia mai kēia wahi mai, aʻo ia wale nō ka'āina me nā 1,000 mau mea hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO nā kūlana kūkaʻikaʻi likeʻole me Malawi, Uganda, Tanzania a me Zimbabwe e hōʻike ana ma lalo o 100 mau hihia hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻAʻoleʻo Botswana, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, a me Rwanda hoʻi i hōʻike i kekahi hihia hou i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki he umi,ʻoiaiʻo Afirika Hemaʻo ia i manaʻoʻia heʻole e maʻiʻole. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo kaʻaoʻao hema hema o'Akelika Hema ke ala maikaʻi loa no ka mea e hopohopo kekahi e pili ana i nā maʻi i hoʻopiliʻia e ka lāʻau, no ka mea,ʻaʻole lākou e loaʻa i ka maʻi palia, i ka maʻi ahulau a me ka dengue.