Ka Moolelo o ka Amish ma Amerika
ʻO ka poʻe'Amisa maʻAmelika, he poʻeʻoihana hoʻomana kahiko, he poʻe mamo lākou o nā Anabaptists o ka Europa ma ka makahikiʻumikumamāono. ʻAʻole e hōhonuʻia me ka hua'ōlelo anti-Bapetizo, ua kū'ē kēia mau Anabaptist i nā hoʻololi o Martin Luther a me nā mea'ē aʻe i ka manawa o ka Hoʻokahuli Protestant, me ka hōʻoleʻana i ka bapetizoʻana o ke keiki ma ka bapetizo (a me ka bapetizo houʻana) ma keʻano he mau mākua manaʻoʻiʻo. Ua aʻo pū lākou i ka kaʻawaleʻana o ka halepule a me ka moku'āina, kahi mea i loheʻoleʻia ma ka kenekulia 16.
Ma hope aku i kapaʻiaʻo nā Mennonites, ma hope o ke alakaʻiʻo Manno Simons (1496-1561)ʻo Anabaptist, ua holo kahi hui nui o Anabaptists i Switzerland a me nā wahi'ē aʻe oʻEulopa e pakele ai i ka hoʻomana hoʻomana.
I ka halaʻana o nā makahiki 1600, ua hoʻokaʻawale kekahi poʻe kānaka haipule i alakaʻiʻia e Jakob Ammann i nā Mennonites Swiss, ma mua o ka nele o ka ikaika o Meidung, aiʻole ka paleʻana -ʻo ke kuhiʻana i nā lālā kūāʻole a me ka paleʻole paha. Ua likeʻole lākou ma nā mea'ē aʻe e like me ka holoiʻana i ka wāwae a me ka nele i ke kāohi pono o nāʻaʻahu. Ua kapaʻia kēia huiʻo ka Amish a hiki i kēia lā, ke kaʻana like nei i ka nui o nā manaʻo like me ko lākou mau hoahānau Mennonite. ʻO kaʻokoʻa ma waena o nā'Amisa a me nā Mennonites kekahiʻano o ka lole a me keʻano o ka hoʻomana.
ʻO Amish Hoʻonohonohoʻana maʻAmelika
ʻO ka hui nui loa o Amish i hōʻea aku iʻAmelika ma ka makahiki 1730 a noho kokoke kokoke i Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, ma muli o keʻano 'ho'āʻo ho'āno' o William Penn ma ka hoʻomana hoʻomana.
ʻO ka Pennsylvania Amishʻaʻoleʻo ia ka hui nui loa o US Amish e like me ka mea i manaʻo nuiʻia, akā naʻe. Ua hoʻonohonoho pono ka'Amisa ma nā moku'āina he iwakāluakūmāhā, Kanada, a me Central America,ʻoiai ua kokoke i kahi 80% o Pennsylvania, Ohio, a me Indiana. ʻO ka ikaika nui o Amish ma Holmes a me nā kaona e pili kokoke ana i ka'ākau o Ohio, kahi o 100 mau mile mai Pittsburgh.
ʻO ka mea nui ma ka nui, he hui o nā poʻe'Amish ma Elkhart a me nā palena a puni ma ka'ākauʻo Indiana. A laila hele maila ka'Amisa ma Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. ʻO ka heluna Amish i ka helu US uaʻoi aku ma mua o 150,000 a me ka uluʻana, no ka nui o kaʻohana (ʻehiku keiki ma ka average) a he kaʻina hopena o ka hale pule-80%.
Nā'Amisa Amish
Ma kekahi mau kumukūʻai, aia nāʻoihanaʻewalu i waena o ka poʻe'Amish, me ka hapanui e pili ana me hoʻokahi o nāʻoihana hoʻomana -ʻoi aku - Old Order Amish, New Order Amish, Andy Weaver Amish, Beachy Amish, a me Swishzentruber Amish. Kū kaʻawale kēia mau hale pule i kekahi i kekahi me ka hoʻololiʻana i ka hana a lākou i kā lākou hoʻomana a mālama i ko lākou ola mau. ʻO ka papa kahikoʻo Amish ka pūʻulu nui loa aʻo ka Swartzentruber Amish, ka luna o ka Papa Kūikawā,ʻo ia ka mea papaʻole.
Ka Moolelo o ka Amish ma Amerika
ʻO nāʻaoʻao a pau o ka ola Amish e kuhikuhiʻia e ka papa inoa o nā rula palapala kākau a iʻole ka waha, i kapaʻiaʻo Ordnung , e wehewehe ana i nā kumu o ka manaʻo Amish a kōkua e wehewehe i ka manaʻo o ka Amish. No kekahi kanaka'Amisa, hiki i ka Ordnung ke kuhikuhi i nāʻaoʻao a pau o kona nohona, mai kaʻaʻahu a me ka lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi o ka lole a me nāʻano mahiʻai.
ʻO ka Ordnung keʻano o ke kaiāulu i ke kaiāulu a kauoha e kauoha, e wehewehe ana i ke kumu eʻike aiʻoe i kekahi Amish e holo ana i nā kaʻa, aʻo nā mea'ē aʻeʻaʻole iʻae i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kukui uila.
'Amele'Amish
Ke hōʻailona o ko lākou manaʻoʻiʻo, hōʻaleʻa ka manaʻo haʻahaʻa o Amish i ka haʻahaʻa a me ka kaʻawaleʻana mai ka honua. ʻO ke kapa'Amish i kahiʻano maʻalahi loa, eʻalo i nā mea'ē aʻe a pau wale nō ka mea hoʻokalakupua. Hanaʻia nā lole ma ka home o nāʻulu ulaula a heʻeleʻele loa kaʻula. ʻO nā kāne Amish, keʻano laulā, eʻaʻahu pono i nā lole a me nā pālule me nā lei, nā lapaʻau a me nāʻeke. ʻAʻohe puʻupuʻu i nā pahu pōkole a paʻa paha i nā mea pani. ʻAʻole pāpāʻia nā Belima, e like me nā wela, nā'ā'ī, a me nā mīkina lima. Nā kāmele kāne e kākoʻo pūʻia me nā pihi kahiko i ka hapanui o nā kauoha, aʻo nāʻaʻahu a me nā pale lole e paʻa me nā makau a me nā maka.
ʻO nā kāne'ōpiopio i kahiʻia i ka wā ma mua o ka maleʻana,ʻoiai ua makemakeʻia nā kāne kāne e hoʻonui i ko lākouʻumiʻumi. ʻAʻole pāpāʻia nā mustaches. ʻO nā wāhine Amish keʻano maʻa mau i nāʻaʻahu lōʻihi me nā lima lōʻihi a me kaʻaʻahu piha, ua uhiʻia me kaʻapo a me kahi pale. ʻAʻole loa lākou eʻokiʻoki i ko lākou lauoho, a hoʻokau i ke kīpili a me ka pua ma hope o ke poʻo i uhiʻia me kahi pāpale keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo paha. Hoʻohuiʻia nā lole me nā'ōmaʻomaʻo pololei aiʻole nā pahele, nāʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele a me nā kāmaʻaʻeleʻele hoʻi. ʻAʻole iʻaeʻia nā wāhine'Amisa e komo i nāʻaʻahu a me nā mea nani. Hiki i ka Ordnung o ke kauoha kauoha Amish ke'ōlelo i nā lole komo e like me ka lōʻihi o kahi skirt a iʻole ka laulā o kahi lī.
Technology a me ka Amish
Ke hōʻole neiʻo'Amisa i nā hanahana a lākou e manaʻo nei e hoʻonāwaliwali i ka hananaʻohana. ʻO nā meaʻoluʻolu a mākou i laweʻoleʻia e like me ka elela, kelepa, nā kaʻa, nā telephones a me nā trakō e manaʻoʻia he mea hoʻowalewale e hiki ai ke lilo i ka lapuwale, e hana i ka likeʻole, aiʻole e alakaʻi i ka Amish mai ko lākou kaiaulu pili pono a, , 'aʻole i paipai' ia a 'aʻole i' ae 'ia i loko o nā kauoha. ʻO ka hapa nui o Amish e mahi ana i kā lākou mau māla me nā lako kālai lio, e noho i nā hale me kaʻole hela, a holo a puni i nā pahi holo lio. He mea maʻalahi ia no nā kaiaulu Amish eʻae i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā telepona,ʻaʻole naʻe ma ka home. Ma kahi o nāʻohana Amish, e launa pū i kahi kelepona i kahi papa lāʻau i waena o nā mahiʻai. Hoʻohanaʻia ka lewa i kekahi mau hanana, e like me nā pāʻani uila no nā pipi, nā kukui kukui uila e kau ana ma luna o nā pahu, a me nā hale ahi. Hoʻohanaʻia nā puka makani e like me ke kumu o ka mana hili i hanaʻia i kēlāʻano. He meaʻokoʻaʻole kaʻikeʻana iā'Amisa i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nāʻenekini likeʻole o ka 20st century e like me nā kiʻikuhi inline, nā diapo e hoʻokuʻuʻia, a me nā kēpau bakena gas no ka meaʻaʻole i pāpāʻia e ka Ordnung.
Loaʻa kaʻenehana i kahi eʻike aiʻoe i kaʻoihana nui ma waena o nā kauoha a Amish. ʻO ka Swartzentruber a me Andy Weaver'Amish nā mea kōkua i ka hoʻohanaʻana i kaʻenehana -ʻo ka Swartzentruber, iʻole eʻae i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kukui uila. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ikiʻia ka papa kahikoʻo Amish no nāʻenehana hou hou akā uaʻaeʻia e holo i nā kaʻa kaʻa i kaʻaʻia me nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa, akāʻaʻole eʻaeʻia e lilo iā lākou. ʻO ka papa kauoha houʻo Amish eʻae i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka uila, ka paʻaʻana o nā kaʻa, nā mea hanahanaʻoihana hou, a me nā telepona i ka home.
Nā Kula a me nā Kula'Amisa
Ua manaʻo nuiʻo'Amish i ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana, akā hoʻolako i ka hoʻonaʻauao kūikawā ma ka papaʻewalu a koe wale nō ma kā lākou mau kula pono'ī. Ua kaʻawale ka'Amisa mai ka heleʻana mai o ka moku ma mua aʻe o ka papaʻewalu e pili ana i nā kumu hoʻomana,ʻo ia ka hopena o ka hoʻoholo o kaʻaha Kiekie o ka makahiki 1972. ʻO nā kulaʻo Amish hoʻokahi kahi keʻena kūʻokoʻa, i mālamaʻia e nā mākua Amish. Ke kau nei ka kula ma ka heluhelu, ke kākauʻana, ka pākuhi a me keʻano honua, a me ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻoihana a me ka pilikanaka ma ka moʻolelo a me nā waiwaiʻo Amish. ʻO ka hoʻonaʻauao heʻano nui ia o ka ola home, me nāʻoihana mahiʻai a me nā hana pilina hale iʻikeʻia he hapa nui o ka hānaiʻana o ke keiki Amish.
ʻO ka Amish Family Life
ʻO kaʻohana ka mahele kaiaulu nui loa ma ka moʻomeheu Amish. ʻO nāʻohana nui meʻehiku a hiki iʻumi mau keiki he mea maʻamau. Ua māhele maikaʻiʻia nā koho ma ka moekolohe ma ka home Amish - hana mau ke kanaka i ka mahiʻai,ʻoiai ka wahine e holoi, hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka kuke, a me nā hana'ē aʻe o ka home. Aia kekahi mau kū'ē, akā i ka manawa i manaʻoʻia ka makua e ke poʻo o kaʻohana Amish. Ke'ōleloʻia nei ka'ōlelo Kelemānia ma ka home,ʻoiaiʻo ka'ōlelo Pelekānia ma ke kula. Amish mare'Amish -ʻaʻohe male mare. ʻAʻole iʻaeʻia ka hemoʻana aʻaʻole loa he kaʻawale.
ʻO Amish Daily Life
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka'Amisa iā lākou iho mai nā kānaka'ē aʻe no nā kumu likeʻole, he pinepine hoʻi e kuhikuhi ana i nā paukū hou o ka Baibala no ke kākoʻoʻana i ko lākou mau manaʻoʻiʻo.
- Mai huikauʻoukou me ka poʻe hoʻomaloka: No ka mea, he aha ka mea e kau like ai ka pono a me ka hewa, A pehea lā hoʻi e hiki ai i ka mālamalama ke hana i ka pouli? (II Korineto 6:14)
- "E puka mai oukou maiwaena mai o lakou, ae kaawale oukou, wahi a ka Haku." (II Korineto 6:17)
- "Mai noho a hoohalike oukou me keia ao, aka e hoololi hou ia oukou ma ka hoohoihoi ana o ko oukou naau, i hoao ai oukou i ka mea maikai, oluolu, a hemolele hoi, ke makemake o ke Akua." (Roma 12: 2)
Ma muli o ko lākou mau hoʻomana hoʻomana, ua ho'āʻoʻo Amish e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou iho mai "nā kānaka'ē," i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana e pale i nā ho'āʻo a me ka hewa. Ke koho nei lākou, ma kahi o lākou, e hilinaʻi iā lākou iho a me nā lālā o ko lākou kaiaulu Amish. Ma muli o kēia ola pilikino pilikino, hikiʻole iā Amish ke huki i ka mālama mālama ola a iʻole eʻae i nāʻano kōkua'ē aʻe o ke aupuni. ʻO kā lākou hōʻole i ka hanaʻino i nāʻano a pau,ʻaʻole lākou i lawelawe i ka pūʻali koa.
ʻO kēlā me kēia hui Amish e lawelaweʻia e ka bishop,ʻelua mau minita, a he diakona - nā kāne kāne a pau. ʻAʻohe poka waenaʻo Amish. Kūkuluʻia nā lawelawe hoʻomana i nā hale o ka poʻe o ke kaiāulu kahi i kūkuluʻia ai nā paia e hoʻoneʻeʻia no kahi hui nui. Ke hoʻomanaʻo neiʻo'Amish i kēia mau loina e hoʻopaʻa nei i nā hanauna me ka hāʻawiʻana i heleuma i ka wā i hala, i ka manaʻoʻiʻo e kuhikuhi ana i ka hana a ka hale pule, nā bapetizoʻana, nā mare, a me nā hoʻolewa.
ʻO Amish Baptism
Ke hana neiʻo Amish i ka bapetizoʻana o ka makua kāne, ma mua o ke bapetizoʻana o ka'ōpiopio, me ka manaʻoʻiʻo e hiki i nā mākua wale ke hoʻoholo i nā mea e pili ana i ko lākou ola a me ko lākou hoʻokōʻana i ka halepule. Ma mua o ka bapetizoʻana, ua paipaiʻia nā poʻe'ōpio'Amish e hana i ka ola ma waho o ka honua, i ka manawa i'ōleloʻia no ka hoʻolālāʻana , Pennsylvania Deutsch no ka "holo holoʻokoʻa." Ua paʻa paʻa lākou i nā manaʻoʻiʻo a me nā rula o nā mākua, akā uaʻaeʻia a mālamaʻoleʻia kekahiʻano o ka mālamaʻole a me ka hoʻokolohuaʻana. I kēia manawa he nui nā'ōpiopio Amish e hoʻohana i nā leʻaleʻa hoʻopono no ka loaʻaʻana i ka hoʻolimalima a me nā leʻaleʻa maikaʻi'ē aʻe, akā hiki i kekahi ke lole i ka "English," ka uahi, ke kamaʻilioʻana ma nā kelepona pūnaewele a iʻole ka huakaʻi i nā kaʻa. Hoʻopauʻia ka hopena i ka wā e noi ai ka'ōpiopio i ka bapetizoʻana i loko o ka halepule a koho paha e haʻalele loa i ka hui Amish. ʻO ka hapanui ka makemake e noho i Amish.
'Amisa mare
ʻO ka mareʻanaʻo Amish he mau meaʻoluʻolu a hauʻoli paha e komo ana i ka kaiaulu Amish a pau. Ua mālamaʻiaʻoʻAmelika ma ka lā'Akake a me ka Pōʻalima i ka hopena o ka hāʻuleʻana, ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana i kaʻohi. ʻO ka huiʻana o ke kāne he mea hūnāʻole ia a hiki wale i kekahi mau pule ma mua o ka maleʻana ke "paʻiʻia" ko lākou mau manaʻo ma ka halepule. Hana mauʻia ka male ma ka home o nā mākua o ka wahine male me ka lōʻihi o ka hana, a ua hoʻokauʻia kaʻahaʻaina nui no ka poʻe i konoʻia. Hana ka wahine mare i kahi lole hou no ka maleʻana, a laila e lilo ia i kapa "maikaʻi" no nā hana kūikawā ma hope o ka maleʻana. ʻO ka Blue keʻano o ka loleʻaʻahu maʻamau. ʻAʻole e like me ka hapanui o nā mareʻana ma kēia mau lā, akā naʻe,ʻaʻoleʻo'Amish mare e komo i nā'ōmaʻomaʻo, nā apo, nā pua, nā meaʻaihue a me nā kiʻi. ʻO ka mea hōʻano hou e hoʻomaha i ka pō mare ma ka home o ka wahine makuahine i hiki iā lākou ke ala aʻe i kakahiaka nui aʻe e kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka home.
'Amisa Makahiki
E like me ke ola, he mea nui ka maʻalahi i ka Amish ma hope o ka makeʻana. Noho mauʻia nā halepule ma ka hale o ka mea i make. He mea maʻalahi ka lawelawe hoʻolewa, me kaʻole o ka loiloiʻole a me nā pua. ʻO nā poʻemaka nā pahu lāʻau kūmole, i hanaʻia i loko o ke kaiāulu kūloko. ʻO ka hapanui o nā kaiaulu Amish eʻae i ka hōʻailona o ke kino e kekahi mea hana kūloko i maʻa mau me nāʻoihana Amish, akā,ʻaʻohe'ōlohelohe e hoʻohanaʻia.
ʻO ka hoʻolewaʻana o'Amisa a me ke kanuʻana he mea mau iaʻekolu lā ma hope o ka makeʻana. Ua kanu pinepineʻia ka mea i make ma ka lua kupapaʻu o Amish. Uaʻeliʻia nā kulu. He mea maʻalahi nā'ōmole pōhaku, ma muli o ka manaʻoʻo'Amishʻaʻole he kanakaʻoi aʻe iʻoi aʻe ma mua o kekahi. Ma kekahi mau kaiaulu Amish,ʻaʻole i kahakahaʻia nā hōʻailona pōhaku. Kama'āina, mālamaʻia nā palapala'āina e nā kuhina o ke kaiaulu no ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i nā mea noho i kēlā me kēia wahi kanu.
Kaule
ʻO ka paleʻana, a me ka meidung ,ʻo ia hoʻi, ka kipakuʻia mai ke kaiaulu Amish no ka paleʻana i nā alakaʻi o ka hoʻomana - me ka mareʻana ma waho o ka manaʻoʻiʻo. ʻO ka hana o ka paleʻana ke kumu nui i haʻalele aiʻo Amish mai nā Mennonites i ka makahiki 1693. I ke kūʻana o ke kanaka ma lalo o ka meidung, pono lākou e haʻalele i ko lākou mau hoaaloha,ʻohana, a me ko lākou ola ma hope. Hoʻokaʻawaleʻia nā'ōlelo a pau a me ka launaʻana, a waena o nāʻohana o kaʻohana. He kūpono ka paleʻana, a ke nānāʻia he hopena hope loa ma hope o nā'ōlelo aʻo pinepine.