Ka Hoʻolālāʻana i kahi Cruise i ka Honua Pume
No ke aha e makemake ai kekahi e hele i Antarctica? ʻO ia ka wahi hōʻoluʻolu, hoʻonani, a me kahi maloʻo ma ka honua. ʻO ka wā mākaʻikaʻi heʻehā mau malama ka lōʻihi. ʻAʻohe hale kūʻai, piers, idyllic kahakai, aiʻole nā wahi mākaʻikaʻi ma nā awa kaiʻo Antarctic. ʻO ka moana e holo ana maiʻAmelika Hema,ʻApelika, a me'Ausetalia paha, he mea paʻakikī wale nō ia. ʻO kahi'āina kuʻunaʻole, ʻike pinepineʻole nā kānaka iʻole eʻikeʻole i nā mea he nui e pili ana iā Antarctica .
Ma nāʻano o kēia mau mea iʻikeʻia,ʻo Antarctica ka nui o ka papa inoa o nā huakaʻi "ʻike".
ʻO ka poʻe o mākou e makemake nei e holoholo, he laʻa ia no ke ala maikaʻi e hele ai i Antarctica ma ke kaʻa moku. No ka loaʻaʻana o ka hapanui o nā holoholona hihiu ma Antarctica ma nā'aliki liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ke kahakai a puni nā mokupuni a me ka'āina nui,ʻaʻole e nele nā mea holo ma luna o kekahi o nā moana kai,'āina, a me nā mea ea o kēia'āina hoʻokele. Eia kekahi,ʻaʻoleʻo Antarctica kahi hana hoʻolālā hoʻolālā e like me nā hokele, nā haleʻaina, a me nā alakaʻi hōkaʻikaʻi, no laila, he moku kūpono kahi e hele ai i ka pae'āinaʻo White. Hoʻokahi memo:ʻAʻoleʻoe e hele i ka Pole Poʻelu ma ka moku. ʻAʻole e like me ka North Pole, aia ma ka waena o ke Arctic Ocean, he mau mile haneli mile ka pae o ka Pole Poʻe, aia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kekahi poʻe malihini kipa i ka Pole Komohana uaʻike i ka maʻi lōʻihi loa.
Ke kumu
ʻOiai he 95 pakeneka o ka Antarctica i uhiʻia i ka hau, aia nā pōhaku a me ka lepo ma lalo o kēlā hau a pau, a heʻelua ka nui o ka nui o ka nui oʻAmelika.
ʻO ka Antarctica ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe loa o kēlā me kēia'āina me ka hapalua o ka'āina 6,500 mau kapuaʻi ma mua aʻe o kaʻilikai. ʻO ka piko kiʻekiʻe loa ma luna o ka Antarctica ma kahi o 11,000 kapuaʻi. Ma muli o ka emiʻana o ka Antarctica ma lalo oʻehā iniha o ke kuʻiʻana i ka makahiki,ʻo ia a pau e like me ka hau, ua kūponoʻo ia e like me kahi wao nahele pola.
Holo nā moku kū moku i ke Antarctic Peninsula, he wahi lōʻihi, a me kahi'āpana'āina e hele ana iʻAmelika Hema. Hiki i nā moku ke hōʻea i nā mokupuniʻo Shetland a me kēia Peninsula i kahi oʻelua mau lā o ke kaʻaʻana i ka Moana Drake, kekahi o nā māhele nui loa o ka honua.
ʻO ka moana a puni Antarctica kekahi o kona mau hiʻohiʻona loa. Hiki i ke kuhi makani a me ke kai me keʻano huhū, me ka hoʻouluhua nui o kēia wahi o ka moana. ʻO ka Antarctic Convergence ka'āina kahi e hui ai ka wai mahana, nā wai paʻakai e lele ana mai ke Komohana hema maiʻAmelika Hema me nā wai anuanu,ʻeleʻele, a me nā kai eʻe e neʻe ana i ka'ākau maiʻAmelika. Ke hui mau nei kēia mau'auwaʻa kaua a loaʻa i kekahi wahi waiwai nui no ka nui o ke kapi honua. Hoʻopili ka papa honua i nā manu nui a me nā momona moana. ʻO ka hopena hopena,ʻo ia ka moana moana kaulana kaulana o Drake Passage a me Tierra del Fuego a me nā mano o nā mea hoihoi e ola nei i kēiaʻano anuanu. ʻO nā poʻe holo i nā latitudes like ma kekahiʻaoʻao o ka honua ma ka hema o'Alelani a me New Zealand , he mau moana weliweli nō hoʻi; ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha i kapaʻia lākou he "mau kanalima huhū" ma hope o ka latitude.
Ke hele i Antarctica
ʻO ka huakaʻi huakaʻi heʻehā mau malama wale nō ma Antarctica, mai Nowemapa a Pepeluali.
ʻO ke koena o ka makahikiʻaʻole maʻamau wale nō (e like me ka 50 mau haʻawina ma lalo o ka zero) akā naʻe keʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele paha ka manawa. ʻOiai inā hiki iāʻoe ke kū i ke anu,ʻaʻole hiki iāʻoe keʻike i kekahi mea. ʻO kēlā me kēia mahina he mau hiʻona maʻamau kona. ʻO Nowemapa ke kauwelaʻana, a he launa a he male ke manu. Ma ka hopena o Kekemapa a me Ianuali, e hōʻike ana i nā penuki a me nā moa keiki, me nā mahana wela a hiki i ka 20 mau hola o ke ao i kēlā lā i kēia lā. ʻO Pepeluali i ka hopena o ke kauwela, akāʻo kaʻikeʻana i ke kohola he nui pinepine a hoʻomaka ka moa e lilo i mau puaʻa. Ua emi ka hau i ka hopena o ke kauwela, aʻaʻole i hoʻolahaʻia nā moku e like me mua i ka wā.
Nāʻano o ka holoʻana o ke kai e hele ana i Antarctica
ʻOiai ua holo nā meaʻimi i nā waiʻo Antarctic mai ka makahiki 15,ʻaʻole i hiki i nā poʻe malihini kipa i hiki i ka makahiki 1957 i ka holoʻana o kahi Panamanaka mai Christchurch, New Zealand i pae i kahi manawa pōkole ma McMurdo Sound.
Ua hoʻomakaʻia ke kulana i hoʻomaka i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1960 i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka holoʻana o ka poʻe hoʻokele waʻa e hoʻomaka i nā huakaʻi. ʻO nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua pili i kahi mau moku he 50 i ka huakaʻi ki ke kahawaiʻo Antarctic. ʻO kahi kokoke he 20,000 o kēia mau mākaʻikaʻi e pae nei ma uka o Antarctica a he mau kaukani ka holoʻana ma ke kahawaiʻo Antarctic a lele paha ma ka'āina. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ka nui o nā huina mai ka 50 aʻoi aku i ka 1000 mau'emoku. Hoʻololiʻia nā moku i loko o nā mea lawelawe, mai nā moku lako waiwai i nā moku holo kaʻa liʻiliʻi no ka holoʻana i nā moku holo moana i nā moku holo moku hoʻolimalima liʻiliʻi. Ma kēlā me kēiaʻano o ka moku āu e koho ai, e loaʻa iāʻoe kahiʻike pilikino Anarctic .
Hoʻokahi'ōlelo o ka'ōlelo hoʻolei:ʻaʻole iʻaeʻia kekahi mau moku i ka poʻe e lele i uka ma Antarctica. Hāʻawi lākou i nā hanana nani o ka hiʻonaʻo Antarctic, akā, mai kahi papa mai o ka moku wale nō. ʻO kēiaʻano "holo-by" o ke kahawaiʻo Antarctic, i kapaʻia he "ʻokoʻa" Antarctic, kōkua e mālama i ka uku, akā hiki ke hōʻinoʻia inā he mea nui iāʻoe ka paeʻana ma ka'āina Antarctic. ʻO nā mea hōʻailona o ka Treaty Antarctic o 1959 a me nā lālā o ka Hui Hui Pūʻaliʻo Antarctic Tour Operators eʻaeʻole i kekahi moku e halihali ana i nāʻea eʻoi aku ma mua o 500 no ka hoʻounaʻana i nāʻelele i uka. Eia hou,ʻaʻole e hiki i nā moku ke hoʻokuʻu aku i mua o 100 mau kānaka i uka ma ka manawa hoʻokahi. ʻAʻole hiki i nā moku nui ke hālāwai pū me kēia hoʻohikiʻana, aʻaʻole loa e loaʻa kahi palapala e holo ai i Antarctica.
Eʻoi aku ma mua oʻehā kaukani mau moku e hele i Antarctica i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO kekahi halihali he 25 aʻoi aku paha nā malihini, a lawe i kahi 1,000. He makemake pono'ī (a me ka pocketbook) kahi iʻoi aku ka maikaʻi iāʻoe. ʻO ka heleʻana i kahi'ōlohelohe e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā maikaʻi, no laila, ponoʻoe e hana i kāu noiʻi a kamaʻilio me kahi mea holokaʻi ma mua o kou kākauʻana i kāu holo moana.
ʻOiaiʻo nā moku e halihali ana i nāʻelele he 500 iʻole e hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i nā ohua i uka o ka mokupuni o Antarctica , he mau mea kūpono paha lākou. ʻO nā moku nui kaʻoihana iʻoi aku ka hohonu a me nā mea hoʻolālā, e hana ana i ke kaʻa e holo mālie. He mea nui loa paha ia ma nā kahawai o Drake Passage a me ke Atlantic Atlantic. ʻO ka lua o ka pōmaikaʻi,ʻoiai, no ka nuiʻana o kēia mau moku,ʻaʻole paha iʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka kaʻa ma kahi moku liʻiliʻi. Eia kekahi,ʻo nā moku kai kūikawā hoʻi e hāʻawi ana i nā pono a me nāʻoihana papaʻole i loaʻa ma nā moku holo moku liʻiliʻi. He hoʻoholo pono kāu e hana ai, he mea nuiʻo ka holoʻana i ka'āina a no kaʻikeʻana i nā penguins a me nā mea hihiu'ē aʻe kokoke?
No ka poʻe e makemake ana e "paʻi i lalo" i Antarctica, he nui nā moku liʻiliʻi i hoʻoikaikaʻia i ka hau. Hiki i nā moku hoʻohana i ka hau ke hele i ke kūkulu hema i ka hau kahe ma mua o ka moku kahiko, akā wale nō ka poʻe hoʻokele hau e hiki kokoke i kahakai i ka Ross Sea. Ināʻikeʻoe i ka hale kaulana o ka mokuʻo Ross Island, he mea nui ia iāʻoe, hiki iāʻoe ke hōʻoiaʻoe aiaʻoe ma luna o kahi moku kūpono e hele i ke kaiʻo Ross Sea a komo i loko o ka papa. Hoʻokahi paʻakikī o nā mea hekili'ākumu, heʻae a hiki i kahi o lākou e holo ai i nā waiʻeleʻele,ʻaʻole naʻe no ka holoʻana ma ke kai. E nui ka hoʻoneʻeʻana i ka hau hau ma mua o ka moku moku.
No kēlā poʻe e hopohopo nei no ke kaukō a me ke kumukūʻai paha, hiki i nā moku nui e lawe ana i lalo o ko lākou kūpono hiki ke lilo i mea kūpono maikaʻi. Eia kekahi laʻana, hiki i ka Hurtigruten Midnatsol ke ala ma mua o 500 mau kaikunui a me nā meaʻono i ka wā o kāna kauwela no nā holokai kahakai o Norwegian. Eia naʻe, i ka wā e holo ai ka moku i Antarctica no ke kauwela ahiahi, e hoʻololiʻo ia i moku holo moku me nā malihini he'emi liʻiliʻi. No ka nui o ka moku, ua emi ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka poʻe liʻiliʻi, akā uaʻoi aku ka nui o nā loun a me nā pono ma mua o kahi moku liʻiliʻi.
ʻAʻohe moku holo moana e hana i ka Antarctica. ʻO nā moku e lawe i nā meaʻae i uka o ka'āina e hoʻohana iā Rigid Kāpena Pilala (RIBs aiʻole Zodiac) i hoʻohanaʻia e nā lako papahana ma mua o nā makana. ʻO kēia mau moku he kūpono loa ia no ka paeʻana o ka "ʻauwai" i nā kahakaiʻole o Antarctica, akāʻo ka mea me nā pilikia me ka liʻiliʻi, pono paha e noho ma ka moku holo moana. Lawe mau nā Zodiac mai ka 9 a 14 mau pae kaʻa, ka mea hoʻokele a me ke alakaʻi.
Loaʻa i kāu moku
ʻO ka hapanui o nā moku e holo ana i Antarctica e hoʻomaka i Amerika Hema. Ushuaia, Argentina, aʻo Punta Arenas,ʻo Chile ka meaʻoi loa i kaulana. Holo nā malihini e holo ana maiʻAmelika Hema a iʻEulopa paha ma o Buenos Aires aʻo Santiago e hele ai i ke kihi hema oʻAmelika Hema. Heʻekolu hola paha ka holoʻana mai Buenos Aires a Santiago i Ushuaia a me Punta Arenas a me kekahi 36 a 48 mau hola e holo ai mai laila aku a hōʻea i nā mokupuniʻo Shetland aʻoi aku i ka mokupuniʻo Antarctic. Ma kahi e holo aiʻoe, kahi lōʻihi e loaʻa ai. ʻO kekahi mau moku holo moana e hele i nā wahi'ē aʻe oʻAmelika Hema e like me Patagonia a me nā Mokupuni Falkland, aʻo kekahi poʻe e hui i kahi holoʻana i Antarctica me ka huakaʻiʻana ma ka mokupuniʻo South Georgia.
ʻO kekahi mau moku e holo mai'Akelika Hema,ʻAtalia, a me New Zealand a Antarctica. Ināʻikeʻoe i ka palapala'āina o Anarctica, hiki iāʻoe keʻike he meaʻoi aku ka mamao aku o kēlā mau wahi i ka'āina ma mua oʻAmelika Hema,ʻo ia hoʻi, he nui nā lā o ke kai e hele ai.
ʻO ka mea iʻike i keʻano pilikino a aloha i nā mea i waho a me nā holoholona laulā (ʻo ia hoʻi ka poʻe penguins ) e holo i kēlā me kēia ola i ka wā e hele ai lākou i kēia pae'āina.