ʻO ka mea lanakila ma Pulitzer ka luna mele August August (ʻApelila 27, 1945 -ʻOkakopa 2, 2005)ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea kākau nui loa i ka hale kiʻiʻAmelika. Uaʻike nuiʻiaʻo ia no ka hanana muaʻole o ka pāʻani he 10, i kapa mauʻiaʻo ka Pittsburgh Cycle no ka mea hoʻokahi wale nō pāʻani hoʻokahi i hoʻonohonohoʻia ma ka'āpana Pittsburgh kahi i ulu aiʻo'Akelika August. ʻO ke kaʻina o nā pāʻani e kākau ana i nā pōʻino a me nā moho o nāʻAmelikaʻAmelika i kēlā me kēia makahiki he 20 o ka 20st.
Ka wā mua:
Ke keiki a kahi makua kāne keʻokeʻo a he makuahineʻeleʻele, ua hānauʻiaʻo August Wilson i Frederick August Kittel ma ka lā 27 oʻApelila, 1945 ma Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. ʻO kona makuakāne,ʻo Frederick August Kittle hoʻi, he kanaka holoʻokoʻa haole a me ka mea kahu puaʻa haole a ua hoʻolimalimaʻo ia me kaʻohana. ʻO kona makuahine,ʻo Daisy Wilson, i hānai iāʻAukake a me kona mau kaikuaʻanaʻelima i loko o kekahi wahi liʻiliʻi,ʻelua lumi lumi moe ma ka'āpana Hill Hill neighborhood o Pittsburgh, e hana ikaika ana e like me ka wahine hoʻomaʻemaʻe e kau i kaʻai ma ka papaʻaina.
I ka wā'ōpiopio o'Akelika Akelani, ua mare kona makuahine iā David Bedford a ua neʻe aku kaʻohana i Hazelwood, kahi maheleʻoihana keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Ma laila a ma ke kula,ʻoʻAukake a me konaʻohana i hālāwai me nā mea hoʻoweliweli a me ka hakakā lāhui. Ma hope o ka heleʻana i nā kula kiʻekiʻe likeʻole, me kahi makahiki ma ke kula kiʻekiʻeʻo Pittsburgh Central Catholic, ua haʻaleleʻoʻAukake Wilson i kahi kula a pau, i ka 15 o kona mau makahiki, e huli ana i ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana i ka Carnegie Library.
Nā Makahiki Makahiki:
Ma hope o ka makeʻana o kona makuakāne i ka makahiki 1965, ua hoʻololiʻo'Aikake Wilson i kona inoa no ka mahaloʻana i kona makuahine. I ia makahiki hoʻokahi, ua kūʻaiʻo ia i kāna mea kākau mua a hoʻomakaʻo ia e kākau i ka mele. Ua hoʻokumu 'ia i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a ua hoʻoikaikaʻia e ka pilina politika i ka makahiki 1968 a ua hoʻokumuʻo Wilson Wilson i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Black Horizons ma ka District Hill o Pittsburgh me kona hoalohaʻo Rob Penny.
ʻAʻoleʻo ia i nānā nui i kāna hana mua, akāʻo kāna pāʻaniʻekolu,ʻo "Ma Rainey's Black Bottom" (1982), e pili ana i kekahi hui mele melelele e kamaʻilio ana i nā mea iʻikeʻia e ka poʻe'Amerika, lanakilaʻo ia iā August Wilson i mea hoʻokani a me ka unuhi'ōlelo o ka'Afelika ʻO kaʻikeʻAmelika.
Nā Hoʻohanohano & Hoʻomaopopo:
ʻO'Aikake Wilson i hoʻokaniʻo ia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā iaʻo kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani kaulana loa oʻAmelika a loaʻa iā ia nā makana he nui,ʻo Tony Award (1985), ka New York Drama Critics Circle Award (1985) aʻo ka Pulitzer Prize for drama (1990). Ua kapa houʻiaʻo Virginia Theatre ma Broadway ma NYC i ka meaʻo Kekeneka Wilson Theater i kona hanohano i ka makahiki 2005, a ua kapa houʻia ka Centultural Cultural Culture Center o Greater Pittsburgh i ka Century o'Alelika Wilson no kaʻAuʻAuʻAuʻAi MokuʻAmelika i ka makahiki 2006.
ʻO ka Pittsburgh Cycle o Plays:
I loko o 10 mau haʻawina likeʻole,ʻo kēlā me kēia mea e uhi ana i nā makahiki heʻumi'ē aʻe o ke kenekulia 20, uaʻimiʻo August Wilson i nā ola, nā moeʻuhane, nā lanakila a me nā pōʻino o ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu'Amerika. ʻO ka manawa i kapaʻiaʻo "Pittsburgh Cycle," akā hoʻokahi wale nō o nā pāʻani i hoʻonohoʻia ma ka'āpana District District o Pittsburgh kahi i ulu aiʻoʻAukake August.
ʻO'Aikake Wilson i ka hanana o nā pāʻani, ma ke kauʻana i nā makahiki heʻumi i hoʻokumuʻia ai ka pāʻani:
- "Gem of the Ocean," 1904
- "ʻO Joe Turnerʻo ka hele mai a hele," 1911
- "Ma Raʻele o Black," 1927
- "Ka Palapala Piano," 1936
- "ʻEhiku Guitars," 1948
- "Fences," 1957-58 a me 1963
- "ʻElua Maukini E Holo Ana," 1969
- "Jitney," 1977
- "King Hedley, II," 1985
- "Radio Golf," 1997
Ua loaʻaʻo August Wilson i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana mai ka mea penaʻAmelikaʻAmelika,ʻo Romare Bearden. "I koʻuʻikeʻana i kāna hana,ʻo ia ka manawa mua iʻike ai au i ke olaʻeleʻele i hōʻikeʻia i kona waiwai a pau, a'ōlelo wau, 'makemake wau e hana i kēlā mea - makemake au e like like koʻu mau pāʻani. nā kāwili. '"