ʻO kahi pahu momonaʻoiaʻiʻo ma kaʻaoʻao'ākau
ʻO ka hui likeʻole o nā lāhui i hana i kaʻuhane a me kaʻike o Cleveland. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea e hāʻawi nei i ke kūlanakauhale i konaʻano hoihoi,ʻaʻole e hōʻike i ka pilina o nā mea pilikino, nā wahi a me nā loina. Eia kahi nānā i nā pūʻulu nui i kōkua i ka hanaʻana iā Cleveland i kēia lā. No nā mea hou aku e pili ana i ka moʻomeheu o Cleveland, e nānā i ke Keʻena Hana Hana Cleveland.
01 o 17
ʻO nā Pole
Ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe malihini Polekia o Cleveland i ka hōʻailona o ka makahiki 19, i kahakahaʻia ma ka hana ma nā mīkini kaʻa ma ka muliwai Cuyahoga a me nā mīhini woolen. Me nā Czechs, noho lākou ma kahi e hoʻopuni ana i ke awāwaʻo Cuyahoga, kahi i kapaʻiaʻo Slavic Village a me Newburgh Heights.
Ke kūkākūkāʻia nei ka Polani e pili ana i ka Village Slavic, a me nā hale kūʻai meaʻai, e like me nā Hōkū LūʻEhiku, kūʻai aku i nā sausage, pierogi, a me nā mea'ē aʻe Polish. Hāpai ka poʻe kaiāulu o Slavic i kona hoʻoilina i kēlā me kēia Mei me kahi pāʻina aʻo kēlā me kēiaʻAukake i ka Hōʻailona Harvest. ʻO St. Stanislaus Church, i hoʻokumuʻia i ka makahiki 1888, he hana nui i kēia kaiaulu a kōkua iā lākou e kākoʻo i nā mea hou.
02 o 17
ʻO nā Italia
Ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe malihini mai Italia mai e noho ma Cleveland i ka hapalua o ka makahiki 19, ma kahi i kapaʻiaʻo Big Italia ma kahi o Woodland a me East 30th Street. ʻO ka hapanui o kēia mau kānakaʻItalia mua loa, he mau meaʻai, mea hanaʻai, a mea kūʻai mea kūʻai. ʻO ke koena o ka "Big Italy," akāʻo nāʻoihana e like me Gallucci a me Catallano ko lākou aʻa i laila.
Ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 1900, ua noho kekahi hui'ē aʻe o nā Italia ma kaʻaoʻao hema o Euclid, kokoke i Mayfield,ʻo ia ka mea iʻikeʻiaʻo Little Italia. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau hōʻea hou mai, he mau kiʻi pōhaku i kālai i nā monumoku ma kahi ilinaʻo Lake View . Ke hoʻomau mau nei kaʻakaʻaka nui oʻAmelika i kēia manawa.03 o 17
ʻO ka Iria
ʻO Iria kekahi o nā lāhui mua e noho ma Cleveland, i kākauʻia e nā hana i hanaʻia e Ohio-Erie Canal a me ka hana Cleveland. ʻO ka poʻe malihini mua Irish i noho ma Whiskey Island (i kapaʻia e Lorenzo Carter,ʻaʻole nā kānaka hou) i ka hoʻomakaʻana a hiki i ka waenakonu o 1820.
I ka hanaʻana o ka hana ma ke kahakai, nui ka nui o nā poʻe malihini mai Irish i hōʻea mai maiʻEulopa mai, e noho ana ma kahiʻaoʻao o West Side i loko a puni hoʻi o kēia mau Hōkū . Ua liloʻo St. Malaki, he Parisahi Irish,ʻo ia ke kikowaena loa o kēlā wahi.
Ke mālama mau neiʻo Cleveland i nā mea hoʻomanaʻo no kēlā poʻe i noho mua ma nā inoa nui o Irish,ʻo ia hoʻi nā makahiki Hoʻohanohanoʻo St. Patrick, a me nā puhi Irish he nui.04 o 17
ʻO nā Helene
ʻO nā poʻe kama'āina kahiko ma Northeast Ohio,ʻo ka hapa nui lākou mai nā moku hikina, nā mamo o ka poʻe i hele mai iʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia i ka manawa o ka hoʻokahuliʻAmelika.
ʻO ke kūkuluʻiaʻana o ka Ohio-Erie Canal i nā makahiki 1830 ua lawe mai i kahi poʻe kahiko o nā Germans, aʻo ka hapanui o lākou i noho i kēia mau lāʻo Tremont , ma Lorain Street ma Brooklyn, a me nā alanui Ake a me Central i ka East Side. ʻO nā poʻe pilikino haole iʻikeʻia he poʻe akamai i ka poʻe akamai, poʻe kālepa, nā meaʻaleʻale, a me nā loina, ma waena o nāʻoihana'ē aʻe.
Ua hala nā poʻe Kelemānia o Cleveland, akā hiki keʻikeʻia ke kua'āina German ma ka Honsa Market ma Lorain, kokoke i ka West Side Market, a ma ka Zion UCC i Tremont.
05 o 17
ʻO nā Slovenen
I loko o ka hapa nui o ke kenekulia 20, ua loaʻaʻo Cleveland ka hapanui Slovenian nui loa maʻAmelika Huipūʻia. Hoʻopiliʻia i nā hana ma nā mīkiniʻili, ua hoʻomaka nā Slovenenia e hōʻea i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, e noho ana ma kahi o Newburgh.
ʻO nā mea'ē aʻe o Slovenes,ʻo ia kaʻaoʻao o St. Clair Avenue (mai ka Hikina 30 a hiki i ka Hikina 79th Street.) A me ka neighborhood o Collinwood . Ma hope mai, ua neʻe ka hapa nui o Slovenian i Euclid, Ohio.
ʻO nā mea koʻikoʻiʻo Clevelanders e'ōlelo ana i ka lāhui Slovenian,ʻo Sen. George Voinovich lāuaʻo Frankie Yankovic mua. Ke waiho nei kekahi kaiaulu Slovenia ma ka liʻiliʻi a hiki i Cleveland.
06 o 17
ʻO Kina
ʻO ka moʻokūʻauhau hoʻoilina o Cleveland mai kahi hui liʻiliʻi a pili kokoke i Cantonese i noho ma kahi kokoke i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike i ka makahiki 1860. ʻO kēia poʻe kama'āina Kānaka mua ka mea nui o nā mea hale hale a me nā mea hana.
I ka uluʻana o ke alanuiʻo Cleveland, ua neʻe aku kēia kaiāulu i ka hikina, kahi mua o ka East 55th Street a me Euclid Avenue a ma nā makahiki 1930 a hiki i Clevelandʻo Chinatown (i kēia manawaʻo Asiatown ), ma Rockwell a me East 24th Street.
ʻO nā makahiki 1970 a me nā makahiki 1980 ua lawe mai i kahi hānai o nā malihini malihini, a ua kauʻia i nā kulanui o Cleveland a me nāʻoihana hanaʻenehana a me kaʻenehana.
I kēia lā, pihaʻo Clevelandʻo Asiatown i nā haleʻaina Kino-American a me nā hale kūʻai meaʻai Kina a keʻike nei i ka hānau houʻana heʻano noho'āina.
07 o 17
ʻO nā Czechs
ʻO nā Czechs kekahi o nā poʻe nui aʻoi loa o nāʻohana o Cleveland. ʻO kēia mau malihini, he poʻe Bohemia, Moravians, a me ko Silesia, hoʻomaka lākou e hōʻea i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 1900. Ua noho nā Czech Czech i kahi mahele o ke kahakai i kēia lā i kapaʻiaʻo nā Flats.
Ma hope o ka neʻeʻana mai o nā hōʻea mai ke kūlanakauhale kahi hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa kahi'āina e ulu ai i nā meaʻai, e hoʻonohonoho ana ma Broadway a me Fleet Avenue a kokoke i West 41st Street a me Clark Avenue.
Loaʻa ka ikaika,ʻelua o ka helunaʻo Czech-ʻAmelika. Hiki ke loaʻa ka moʻomeheu Cultural ma nā hale pule, e like me St. John Napomocene ma Fleet Avenue a me Karulani Hall no ke kaiaulu kaiaulu, a ma ka nohoʻana o nā kaiāulu Slavic.08 o 17
ʻO nā Ukrainians
Ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe malihini mua o Ukrainian i Cleveland e hoʻomaka i ka hōʻeaʻana i ka wahi i ka waenakonu o nā makahiki 1870, kahi e hoʻonohonoho mua ai ma kahi o Tremont. Ma hope mai, ua hele mai nā nalu o nā malihini i Cleveland ma waena o ke Kaua Honua Mua a me ke Kaua Honua II a ma hope o ka emiʻana o ka Soviet Union. Ua hoʻolālā ka poʻe malihini hou i Ukrainian i loko o Parma, ma ka hema o Cleveland.
Aia kēia hui kaiauluʻekolu mau polokalamu lekiō a meʻekolu nūpepa ma Ukrainian a me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Ukrainian ma Kenilworth Avenue ma Tremont. Aia kekahi mau hale pule i nā lawelawe ma Ukrainian; i kēia mau mea he Sts. ʻO Petero a me Paul ma Tremont a me St. Josaphat i Parma.
09 o 17
ʻO ka poʻe Hungary
I ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke kenekulia 20,ʻo Cleveland ka nui o ka poʻe Hungarian ma waho o Hungary. E hoʻomaka ana ma ka makahiki 1870, ua neʻe nā heluna o ka poʻe Helene i Northeast Ohio e hana i nā hale kūʻai a me nā hale kūʻai mīkini e ulu ana ma ia wahi. Ua kūkuluʻia nāʻano kaiāulu he nui o Hungarian,ʻo ka nui o nāʻaoʻaoʻelua ma kahi hikina o 79th Street a me Woodland Avenue a me Buckeye Road.
ʻO nā hanana ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II a me ka makahiki 1956 i hoʻohuliʻia ai nā nalu hou o nā malihini.
I kēia lā,ʻikeʻia ka moʻomeheu Hungary ma ka māla Hungarian ma nā Keʻena Cultural Gardens, ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻikeʻo Hungary, a ma nā haleʻai e like me Balaton i Shaker Square (ma Buckeye Road).10 o ka 17
ʻO kaʻAhahuiʻAmelikaʻAmelika
ʻO kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele o Cleveland ua aneane like me keʻano o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO Alexander Peake, ka mea mua o'Amerika, ua hiki mai i Cleveland i ka makahiki 1809, i kahi mau makahiki he 13 ma hope o ka hoʻokumuʻana o Mose Cleaveland i ke kūlanakauhale i ka makahiki 1796. Mai ia manawa mai, ua hoʻokumu nuiʻia nā poʻe nohoʻAmelika-ʻAmelika-ʻAmelika i ka uluʻana o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO Carl Stokes kēia , ke poʻokela muaʻAmelikaʻAmelika.
Ua hōʻea nā kānakaʻeleʻele o Cleveland i nā nalu nui, e hele mai ana mai kaʻAmelika Huipū. ʻO ka nalu mua loa mai ka makahiki 1890 a hiki i ka makahiki 1915 a hoʻonohonoho ponoʻia ma waena o Central Avenue, ma waena o ke kūlanakauhale a me ka East 40th Street. Ma hope mai, ma waena o 1940 a 1960, hiki mai ka naluʻelua o nāʻAmelika-ʻAmelika, kahi o ka Migration nui.
11 o 17
ʻO nā Kupa
ʻO ka huakaʻi nui o nā poʻe malihini o Korean i hoʻomaka e hōʻea i Northeast Ohio i ka hopena o ke Kaua Kauaʻo Kēia i ka makahiki 1953. Ua hele mālie ka nui o nā Koreʻana i ka makahiki 1970 a me ka 1980. ʻO kēia mau huakaʻi hou he poʻe haumāna nui, nā kauka, a me nā mea hoʻokele.
Ma muli o ka hōʻeaʻana mai o nā malihini malihini o Cleveland, ua hoʻonohonoho lākou ma nā wahi a puni o ke kūlanakauhale,ʻaʻole ma kahi o waena. Uaʻikeʻia ka moʻomeheu Korean ma nāʻekalesiaʻeono Korean-American ma ke kūlanakauhale,ʻo St. Andrew Kim Korean Korean Church ma Tremont.
12 o ka 17
ʻO ke Kalapia
ʻO Croatia, he'āina Slavic hema oʻEulopa, kahi'āpana'āpana, ma kahi o ka 20st century. I ka manawa o ka helu makahiki 1990,ʻo Cleveland ka hapakolu o ka hapanui Croatian nui loa ma ka US. Ua hoʻomaka kēia poʻe malihini e hōʻea mai i nā makahiki 1860, e noho kūkā ana me nā Slovenenia e pili ana i St. Clair Avenue, mai ka Hikina Hema a hiki i ke Keʻena 79th mau alanui. ʻO ka hapanui o nā poʻe malihini mai Croatian he mau limahana akamaiʻole lākou i loaʻa nā hana ma nā hale kaʻa kila a me nā hale kūʻai mīkini.
ʻO kahi o nā poʻe'ōpio he nui i aʻoʻia ma hope mai i ka hopena o ke Kaua Honua II, eʻauheʻe ana i ke aupuni Communist o Yugoslavia.
I kēia lā,ʻikeʻia kahi moʻomeheu Croatia ma kahi hale kūkulu Croatian i kūkulu houʻia ma Eastlake a me nā hale pule, e like me St. Nicholas, ma Superior Avenue.
13 o 17
ʻO nā Helene
ʻO kahi kaiaulu Helene Heleneʻo Cleveland heʻano liʻiliʻi aʻano pili loa. Ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe malihini mai Girka mai e hōʻea i Cleveland i ka makahiki 1880, kahi e noho ai ma Bolivar a me Ontario ma kahi i kapaʻiaʻo Gateway.
Ma hope o ka hōʻeaʻana mai o nā hōʻea mai i ke kenekulia 1900 i Tremont a hoʻokumu i ka Ekalesia o ka Hōʻike Hōʻikeʻike, kahi e ulu nei i kēia mau lā.
He nui nā poʻe malihini mai Helene i lilo i mau mea kūʻaiʻoihana, wehe i nā hale kūʻai kope, nā mea hoʻolaha, nā haleʻai, a me nā mea kūʻaiʻuʻuku. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau pūnaewele e mauʻia ana e nā poʻe mamo Helene.
14 o 17
ʻO nā Lithuanians
E like me nā poʻe'ē aʻe o'Ekelani Komohana, ua hiki mua ka nalu mua o nā malihini mai Lithuania i Northeast Ohio i ka hopena o ka makahiki 19, i kahakahaʻia e nā hana ma kaʻoihanaʻoihana. ʻO kēia mau hōʻea mua i noho ma kahi o St. Clair Avenue, mai Rockwell a hiki i ke Komohana 71st Street. ʻO ko lākou parish,ʻo St. George's Lithuanian Church ma East 67th Street a me Superior Avenue, i hoʻokumuʻia i ka makahiki 1895 a ua ola nui loa.
Ua hiki mai ka naluʻelua o nā mea mahuka Lithuania i Cleveland i ka pauʻana o ke Kaua Honua II ma ka hui pūʻana o ka Soviet Union i ko lākou'āina. Ua hoʻokumuʻia kēia mau huakaʻi i kahi kaiāulu e pili ana i ka Hikina o ka makahiki 185th
I kēia lā, hiki ke loaʻa ka moʻomeheu Lithuanian ma ka makahiki E. 185th Street Festival a me ka hōʻiliʻili Lithuanian ma ke Kula Nuiʻo Kent State.
15 o 17
ʻO Puerto Ricans
ʻO Puerto Ricans ka nui o ka hapanui, ma kahi o 85 pakeneka, o kaʻohana Hispanic Cleveland. Ua hoʻomaka kēia hui e hōʻea i ka North Coast mai ka makahiki 1945 a ua hoʻomauʻia kēia neʻeʻana a hiki i ka makahiki 1965; ua hoʻolālāʻia lākou e hana ma nā hale kūkulu hale a me nā'ōlohelohe. Noho nā poʻe mua ma Cleveland ma kaʻaoʻao hikina, e pili ana i Hough, Lexington, a me nā alaloa kiʻekiʻe.
Ma ka hopena o nā makahiki 1950, ua neʻe ka hui Puerto Ricanʻo Cleveland i ke kūlanakauhale o ke komohana, ma ke Komohana Komohana a hiki i ke Komohana 65, ma waena o Detroit Road a me Clark Avenue. ʻO ka nui o nā poʻe o Puerto Rican e kapa mau nei i kēia wahi home.
I kēia lā, hiki ke loaʻa ka moʻomeheu Puke Ricanaʻo Cleveland i nā hale kūʻai meaʻai Hepanic ma kahi kokoke i ke komohana a me ka hoʻokani Puerto Rican i mālamaʻia i kēlā me kēiaʻAukake.
16 o 17
ʻO nā Vietnamese
ʻO kaʻoi aku o Cleveland iʻoi aku i kahi 2,000 mau kānaka noho Vietnamese i hōʻea mai i Northeast Ohio ma hope o ka hāʻuleʻana o Saikona ma ka lā 30 oʻApelila, 1975,ʻo ka hanana i hōʻailona i ka hui houʻana o Vietnam a me ka hopena o ka nohoʻana o ka mākele Pākīpika o Tonga. ʻO ka hapanui o kēia poʻe malihini i noho ma ka Detroit / Shoreway neighborhood, me Madison, Franklin, a me Detroit.
I kēia lā, hiki keʻikeʻia kahi moʻomeheu Vietnamese o St. Cleveland ma ke Komohana 54th Street, ma ka hoʻolauleʻa makahiki Tetina ma Pepeluali, a ma nā haleʻai Vietnam he nui o ke kūlanakauhale, me # 1 Pho.
17 o 17
ʻO ka'AhuiʻApelikaʻAmelika
Ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe malihini mai ka Hikina Hikina e hōʻea i Cleveland i ka makahiki 1895, i pakele i ka pahū o ka'āina i alakaʻiʻia ai i ke Kaua Honua Mua. He nui ka hapa o nā poʻe malihini mai'Abera mai mai Suria mai (ʻo kahi'āina i hōʻano pū i Lebanona i kēia lā) a, likeʻole ka nui o nā aoʻApelika, he poʻe Karistiano lākou. Ua noho kēia poʻe malihini ma kahi o Bolivar Avenue ma loko o Cleveland a me Tremont.
Ua hiki mai ka naluʻelua o nā poʻe malihini mai'Abera ma Cleveland ma hope o ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o kaʻIseraʻela i ka makahiki 1948, aʻo kēia mau malihini i hoʻokahuli pinepineʻia e ka Palestinians.
I kēia lā, hiki keʻikeʻia ka hoʻoilina'āina Arab ma nā kālepa ma West Side Market a ma nā hale pule, ma kahi o St. Maron ma Carnegie a me St. George Antiochian Orthodox Church ma Tremont.