ʻO kahi pōʻaiʻo Biographical Sketch o Ireland No ka Nobel Nobel Prize Laureate
ʻO William Butler Yeats, iʻike nuiʻiaʻo WBYeats wale nō,ʻo waiʻo ia? ʻO ka manawa pinepine i hoʻopunipuniʻia e nā poʻe o Keats (inoa pololeiʻo WB "Yayts",ʻaʻole "Yeets"), ua hānauʻiaʻo ia ma ka lā 13 o Iune, 1865, a makeʻo Ianuali 28, 1939.
I kēia lā, hoʻomanaʻoʻiaʻo ia he "poet aupuni"ʻo Ireland (ʻaʻole naʻeʻo ia i kākau ma ka'ōlelo a ke aupuni), a ua manaʻoʻiaʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui loa o ka'ōlelo Pelekānia i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke kenekulia 20.
ʻO ia hoʻi ka mea mua i koho i ka Nobel Prize in Literature (i ka makahiki 1923, ma muli o ka inoa o nā lālani Irish,ʻo George Bernard Shaw, Samuel Beckett, a me Seamus Heaney) - mahaloʻia "no kāna mau mele kaulana mau, a ma keʻano nani 'ōlelo i kaʻuhane o ka lāhui holoʻokoʻa ".
ʻO Geographically,ʻoiaiʻo ia he Dubliner a noho ma waho no nā lōʻihi lōʻihi, ua pili mau loaʻo ia me Sligo ... kahi i hoʻokumu nuiʻia i kāna kākauʻana.
Nā WBYeats a me nā puke
ʻOiai ua hānauʻia a hoʻonaʻauaoʻia ma Dublin , ua hala akuʻo William Butler Yeats i nā hapa nui o kona'ōpiopio i kahi mamao aku ma County Sligo . ʻO ka mahalo a me ke aʻoʻana i ka mele i kona wā'ōpiopio, ua hauʻoli pūʻo ia i nā moʻolelo legendiaʻo Irish a me ka "pōpō" i kona wā'ōpiopio. ʻO nā haʻawinaʻokoʻa'ē aʻe i hōʻike nuiʻia i kāna papa hana kiʻi mua loa, e hoʻopau ana i ke kaʻina o ke kenekulia. Hoʻokumu 'ia nā poʻi mua o ka poemika i ka makahiki 1889 - nā paʻi a me nā mele mele e like me Edmund Spenser, Percy Bysshe Shelley, a me ka Brotherhood Pre-Raphaelite.
Ma ka hoʻomakaʻana i ka makahiki 1900, hoʻoholoʻia ka poemaliʻiʻo Yeats mai keʻano o ka pilikino i kaʻoihana ikaika loa, i kaʻike. Ua haʻaleleʻo ia i ka nui o nā hilinaʻi nui o kona mau makahiki ma mua, ua nui kona manaʻo nui i nā "makuka" a me ke kino o ka honua.
Ua lilo hoʻi nā iʻa i hoʻokahi o ka (ma kaʻole) ka mea nui loa o ka Revival Irish Literary. Me nā poʻe like e like me Lady Gregory a me Edward Martyn, ua hoʻokumuʻo ia i ka Abbey Theatre Dublin,ʻo ia hoʻi he hale keaka aupuni o Ireland (1904). Ua lawelaweʻo ia ma keʻano he alakaʻi o ka'Abbey no nā makahiki he nui. ʻO ka pāʻani muaʻelua i hoʻokumuʻia ma ka'Abbey (me kahi pāʻani a Lady Gregory i loko o "ʻekolu helu")ʻo iaʻo Yeats ' On Baile's Strand a me Cathleen Ní Houlihan .
Ma ka'ōlelo koʻikoʻi, aia nā WBYeats i nā mea kākau liʻiliʻi i kākau a hoʻopuka i kā lākou mau hana maikaʻi loa ma hope o ka loaʻaʻana o ka Nobel Prize,ʻo ia hoʻiʻo The Tower (1928) a me The Winding Stair and Other Poems (1929).
WBYeats - Ola a aloha
Ua hānauʻiaʻo William Butler Yeats i kaʻohanaʻo Anglo-Irish Dublin. Ua heluhelu mua kona makuakāneʻo John Yeats i ke kānāwai, haʻaleleʻo ia i ka hanaʻana i ka hanaʻoihana ma Lākana. ʻO ka makuahineʻo Susan Mary Pollexfen kahi i hele mai kahiʻohana waiwai kalepaʻo Sligo. Ua koho nā lālā a pau o kaʻohana i kaʻoihanaʻoihana -ʻo Jack Jack ka mea paʻi kiʻi, nā kaikuahineʻo Elizabeth a me Susan Mary i ka Moʻomanaʻo. Ma keʻano he mau lālā o ka Ascenting Protestant, akā,ʻo kaʻohana Yeats ka mea e kākoʻo ana i ka loliʻana o Ireland,ʻoiaiʻo ka hoʻoponopono houʻana o ke aupuni he mea hōʻehaʻole iā lākou.
ʻO nā hoʻomeheu pili aupuni a me nā pilikanaka i loaʻa ka hopena nui ma ka mele a Yeats,ʻo kāna mau hanana o ka hilinaʻi Irish e hōʻike ana i nā manawa a me nāʻano loli. ʻOiaiʻo ia i kākau ai no "mākou Irish",ʻo kēia manawa kuhi pinepine me konaʻano kūlana kūlana.
Ma waho aʻe o kāna mau hua'ōlelo hope loa e like me ka Irish Senator, a me kāna mau mea kupanaha me Theosophy, Rosicrucianism, a me ka Golden Dawn ... ka mea i koe i ka manaʻo o nā kānaka lehulehuʻoʻoeʻo Yeats 'kuhihewa, aloha nui.
I ka makahiki 1889, huiʻo ia me Maud Gonne, he kahu wahine waiwai a me kahi icon Nationalist. A he nani i kona wā'ōpiopio. Ua hāʻuleʻo Yeats iā ia ma keʻano nui, akā ua hōʻikeʻo Maud Gonne e pono e lilo kekahi hoa i wahine nāna,ʻo ka mea mua aʻo ka mea mua loa,ʻo ia ka mea Nationalist. I ka makahiki 1891, ua manaʻoʻo Yeats e pili ana i ka maleʻana, akā, e hoʻoponopono houʻia - kākauʻia ma hope aku e "hoʻomaka ka pōʻino o koʻu ola".
ʻAʻole paha i loaʻa kaʻelele, ua manaʻo houʻo ia i ka maleʻana i ka makahiki 1899, 1900 a me ka makahiki 1901, e hōʻole houʻia nō, a eia hou. I ka manawa i mare aku aiʻo Maud Gonne iā Major John MacBride i ka makahiki 1903, ua puhi ka poet i ke kani. Ua ho'āʻoʻo ia e hoʻomāʻewaʻewa i MacBride me nā leka a me nā mele, a ua pili i ka huliʻo Maud Gonne i ka Katolika.
No laila, uaʻikeʻo ia i konaʻaoʻao mākaukau aʻe, a ua hele a pili loa, i ka wā iʻike aiʻo Maud Gonne iā ia no kekahi mau mea e hoʻomaha ai ...ʻoiai ua hoʻopau maikaʻiʻia kāna maleʻana ma hope o ka hānauʻana o kahi keiki (Sean MacBride). ʻOiai he hoʻokahi po i waena o waena o Yeats a me Maud Gonne i lilo i meaʻole.
I ka makahiki 1916, a ma 51 o ka makahiki, e hoʻomaka ana ka hopena o ka hopena no kahi keiki. Ua hoʻoholoʻo ia he manawa kiʻekiʻe e male ai, a ke manaʻo hou neiʻo ia i ka Mauking Gonne kahiko i kēia manawa i ka wā e ola anaʻo ia ma hope o ka Easter Easter . I ka manawa i huli hou aiʻo ia, ua hoʻololiʻo Yeats i kāna papa hana B me kaʻaneʻane ... kahi mare male iā Iseult Gonne,ʻo Maud kāna kaikamahine 21 makahiki. Ua lilo kēia i meaʻole, no laila ua hoʻoholo loaʻo Yeats ma kahi o ka mea liʻiliʻi (akā i 25 mau makahiki he mau makahiki a keu aʻe)ʻo Georgie Hyde-Lees ... a me ka weliweli o nā mea a pau,ʻaʻoleʻo ia iʻae wale aku, akā uaʻano maikaʻi ka hanaʻana o ka male .
WBYeats a me Politics
Ma muli o kona moʻolelo mōʻaukala, he kanaka Irish Nationalist - me kaʻiʻini nui loa i ka manaʻo "ʻano nohona". Ua hōʻike muaʻo ia i keʻano kipi (ʻoiai, he lālāʻo ia no nā poʻe hoʻokūkū), akā naʻe, ua hoʻokaʻawale kokeʻiaʻo ia mai kaʻoihana politika. ʻO kāna hōʻike muaʻole i ka Easter Easter, e haʻi wale ana i nā mele i nā makahiki 1920, e haʻi ana.
Ua kohoʻiaʻo ia i ka Seanad Eireann mua, ka Senate Irish , i ka makahiki 1922 - a laila ua koho houʻiaʻo ia no ka manawa lua i ka makahiki 1925.ʻO kāna mau kōkua nui i ke kūkākūkāʻana no ka hoʻohemoʻana, a ua kūhewaʻo ia i nā kuhina aupuni a me nā Kakolika e hoʻopuka ana i " ʻo Spain ". ʻAʻoleʻo ia i lawe i nā kīʻaha, ua haʻiʻo ia "ʻaʻole ka wahine ka mea hoʻomanaʻo iā mākou, akā, ma kēiaʻaoʻao, he mea kapu ke aloha o ke kāne a me ka wahine, a me ka makemake o ke kino. nā papahana kūikawā hou, a ke manaʻo nei mākou he meaʻoi aku ka hewa loa e kāohi ai i nā kānakaʻelua e inaina i kekahi i ka noho pūʻana. " Ma muli o kēia hoʻouka kaua nui, ua noho mau ka male mare ma Ireland a hiki i ka makahiki 1996. A hiki paha iāʻoe ke heluhelu ma waena o nā laina, eʻike ana i kona hopena me nā papa mare male o Maud Gonne ...
Ma lalo o ka manaʻo o nā manaʻo politika ma hope o ka Pakipika Mua,ʻo ka Wall Street Crash, a me ka Pōpilikia nui, Ua lilo i mau mea kānalua e pili ana i nāʻano aupuni democrapia a ua manaʻo e kūkulu houʻiaʻoʻEulopa ma o ka mana holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kona pilina me Ezra Pound ke hoʻolahaʻana iā ia i nāʻoihana politika a Benito Mussolini, nā mea e hōʻike nei i ka mahalo i ka "Il Duce" i nā manawa he nui. Ma ka home ma mua, ua kākauʻo ia iʻekolu mau "mele mele" no ka Irish Blueshirts , he (sizeable) fascist pūʻulu e alakaʻiʻia e General Eoin O'Duffy.
ʻO ka make, ke kanuʻana, ka hoʻopiʻi
Ua makeʻo William Butler Yeats i Menton (France) i Ianuali 28, 1939. E like me kāna mau makemake, ua kanuʻiaʻo ia ma hope o kahi hoʻolewa hoʻokipa kūpono a me ka pilina ma Roquebrune-Cap-Martin - "inā make au e kanu iaʻu i laila a laila i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka poinaʻana o nā nūpepa iaʻu, e'eliʻi wau a kanu iaʻu ma Sligo. " ʻO ka mea i hanaʻole i ka hana, i ka wā i hōʻea ai ke Kaua Honuaʻelua a ua paʻaʻo Yeats i ke kino make i Farani.
ʻO September wale nō i ka makahiki 1948, ua hoʻoneʻeʻia ka nohoʻana o nā keiki i Drumcliff (County Sligo) ma kekahi hui kākoʻo i kākoʻoʻia e ka Moku'āina -ʻo iaʻo Sean MacBride, ke keiki a Maud Gonne. Ua laweʻia ka 'epitaphʻoki mele mai nā laina hope loa o kāna poemaka ma Lalo Ben Bulben :
E hoʻoholo i ka maka anu
Ma ke ola, ma ka make.
E ka hololio, e hele aʻe!
Aia naʻe, he pilikia iki: Ua kanuʻiaʻo Yeats i Farani, a laila uaʻeli houʻia, a hoʻokomoʻia kona mau iwi i loko o ka pahu, a laila ua hoʻouka houʻia no ka laweʻana i'Ilaia. ʻO ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana he mea ia ma kahi o ka makahiki 1940,ʻo kaʻike e hoʻomoeʻia nā iwi a pau, a me kekahi paha o lākou, ma lalo o Ben Bulben,ʻo iaʻo Yeats '... heʻano liʻiliʻi ma ka lepo. Malia paha he kuhihewa nui?
Funniest Yeats mau loa
Pono mākou e hele i ka pīkī "Million Dollar Baby", kahi eʻike ai mākou iā Clint Eastwood e unuhi ana i nā WBYeats mai ka Irish i ka'ōlelo Pelekānia. ʻAʻole nō i haʻiʻia aku iā iaʻaʻole i'ōleloʻo Yeats i ka'ōlelo Irish ma iaʻano, a kākauʻia ma ka'ōlelo Pelekane ...
ʻO ka mea i hoʻokuʻuʻoleʻia i ka manawa
ʻO ka poet kekahi manawa, a keʻano'ōlelo nei au i kahi manawa hoʻokahi, i kipa aku i kahi pānui ... e like me kā WBYeats i haʻi aiʻaʻoleʻo ia i hele i ka hale palahalaha, ua kauʻo Oliver St. John Gogarty i kona hoa i ka Toner, kekahi o nā puʻupuʻu papahana o Dublin , Ke alanui'Ākau i kēia lā. Ma kahi o ka WB i loaʻa ai kahi sherry, haʻi akulaʻo ia iā ia iho me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻole i nā mea a pau iʻikeʻia, a haʻalele hou. me ka manaʻo e hoʻopau houʻoleʻia ka puka puka o ka hale. He lālā o ka hauʻoli!