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ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā luakiniʻo Bhubaneshwar
ʻO ka luakini a me ke kahuna ma Bhubaneshwar. Soreau / Getty Images ʻO Bhubaneshwar, ke poʻokela o Odza a me kekahi o nā wahi mākaʻikaʻi nui o ka moku'āina, he kaulana ia no ka liloʻana i kūlanakauhale o nā luakini -ʻoiai, aia iʻoi aku i ka 700 o lākou! ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau luakini ua hoʻolaʻaʻia no ka Haku Shiva a hōʻike i ka hōʻike.
ʻO ka inoaʻo Bhubaneshwar mai ka inoa Sanskritʻo Shiva, Tribhubaneswar,ʻo ia hoʻi ka inoa o "Haku o nāʻekolu". Ua'ōlelo nā'ōlelo Hindu Hinduʻo Bhubaneshwar kekahi o nā punahele punahele o ka Haku Shiva, kahi āna i makemake ai e hoʻolālā manawa ma lalo o kahi lāʻau mango. Eia kekahi, ua kūkuluʻia he nui o nā luakini ma Bhubaneshwar mai nā lā 8th-12th AD, i ka wā i hoʻomana aiʻo Sovism (worship of Lord Shiva) i kaʻoihana hoʻomana.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā luakini i Odisha, a me Bhubaneshwar, he papa hana hoʻolālāʻo ia kahiʻanoʻano-ʻano o ka papaʻo Nagara i nā hale malumalu o ka'ākau. He hui like o ka mea iʻikeʻia he rekha (kahi kapu me ka curvilinear spire) a me ka pidha ( pohā mua me ka pyramidal roof). ʻO kēia hana i pili nui loa i nā luakini o Shiva, Surya, aʻo Vishnu.
Ua hoʻomauʻia ka kūkuluʻana i kēia mau hale no ka kokoke i hoʻokahi tausani mau makahiki ma Odisha, mai ka makahiki 6th-7th AD a hiki i ka 15th-16th century AD. ʻO ia ka mea i ulu nui loa ma Bhubaneswar, ke kapikala kahiko o ka mō'ī Kalinga, kahi i hanaʻia me ka hoʻohaunaeleʻoleʻia o nā loli o nā aupuni mō'ī a me ko lākou pili.
He mea kupanaha loa nā pōhaku kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, nani o nā luakini o Bhubaneshwar. Ke noʻonoʻo nei ka noʻonoʻo i ka hana i hele aku e hoʻokumu iā lākou a me kā lākou mau kumu i kālaiʻia.
E heluhelu i ka loaʻaʻana o nā luakiniʻelima iʻoleʻoe e haʻalele i ka heleʻana.
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ʻO Lingraj Temple
ʻO Lingraj luakini, Bhubaneshwar. ʻO Frederic Soltan / Getty Images Buie: 11th Century AD
ʻO ka naniʻo Lingraj Temple (ke aliʻi o Lingas , ka hōʻailona hōʻailona o ka Haku Shiva)ʻo ia ka hopena o ka hoʻolōlāʻana o ka hale hana luakini ma Odisha. ʻO ka'ōwili o iaʻano he 180 kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi. Aia ma mua o 64 mau wahi liʻiliʻi ma loko o ka luakini e hāpai nei. Hoʻonani maikaʻiʻia lākou me nā kiʻi kiʻi akua a me nā akua wahine, nā mō'ī a me nā mō'īwahine, nā kaikamāhine hula, nā hahai holoholona, a me nā mea hoʻokani pila.
ʻO ka mea pōʻino,ʻaʻole hiki i nā poʻe Hinduʻole keʻike i kēia mea a kokoke. ʻO nā Hindu wale nō kaʻaeʻia e komo i loko o ka luakini (aʻo ka poʻe Hindu wale nō e nānā i ka Hindu).
Hiki i nā Hindiʻole keʻike i loko o ka halepule mai kahi lōʻihi mai. Aia kahi pae hilinaʻi e pili ana a hiki i ka'ākau o ka puka nui. E makaʻala: hiki paha iāʻoe ke hoʻopiʻiʻia e kahi mea no ke kālā, e'ōlelo ana e hele i ka heiau. ʻAʻoleʻo ia, no laila e mālama ponoʻoleʻoe e hāʻawi i kekahi kālā. (I koʻu kipaʻana, ua hele mai kekahi kanaka iaʻu e'ōlelo nei he keikikāne ia no ke kahunapule o ka luakini, e inu ana i ka waiʻona a ua maopopo i kaʻu mea alakaʻi e hoʻohanaʻo ia i ke kālā e kūʻai hou aku).
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ʻO ka Halepule Mukteshwar
ʻO Mukteshwar Temple, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha. Sharell Cook Buie: 10th Century AD
Ke kū nei he 34 kapuaʻi ka loa,ʻo ka luakiniʻo Mukteshwar kekahi o nā malumalu liʻiliʻi loa a nani loa i Bhubaneshwar. Eia nō naʻe, he kaulana ia no kona pōhaku i kālaiʻia, a me ke kolo e piha ana i loko o kona hale iʻewaluʻewalu pene. Hōʻikeʻia kekahi mau kiʻi i kālaiʻia (me ka moti poʻo lion) no ka manawa mua i ka hanaʻana o ka luakini.
ʻO ka inoa o ka luakini, Mukteshwar,ʻo ia hoʻi "ka Haku nāna i hāʻawi i ke kūʻokoʻa ma o yoga". Hiki iāʻoe keʻike i nā piʻi ma nāʻanoʻokoʻa likeʻole ma ka luakini, me nā hua'ōlelo mai nā Hindu mythology, nā moʻolelo mai Panchatantra (ʻelima mau puke o nā mea lapuwale holoholona), a me Jain munis .
E ho'āʻo a hopu i ka Hui Hoʻohanohano Mukteshwar , kahi e mālamaʻia ana ma ka halepule i ka hola o Ianuali i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
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ʻO ka luakiniʻo Brahmeshwar
Amit Rawat / Flickr / CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 Buie: 11th Century AD
Ma ka hikina o ka haleʻo Lingraj, ua kūkuluʻia ka luakini o Brahmeshwar e ka makuahine mō'ī e hoʻohanohano ai i ke akua Brahmeshwar (ʻo iaʻo Seva Shiva). He 60 kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi. Ua hoʻohanaʻia nā lāʻau hao ma ka hanaʻana i ka luakini no ka manawa mua. ʻO ka mea'ē aʻe,ʻo ka mea mua i loko o ka moolelo o ka luakini,ʻo ia ka poʻe mea hoʻokani a me nā hula hula eʻike ponoʻia ana ma nā paia o ka luakini.
ʻO kahi'ē aʻe,ʻo ka Brahmeshwar kahi i hoʻolālā nuiʻia mai ka luakiniʻo Mukteshwar mua. ʻO kona poʻi hoʻi, he hale kiʻi i kālaiʻia me ka lotus, a aia kekahi mau kumu kumu liona nui (iʻikeʻia no ka manawa mua ma ka luakini Mukteshwar) ma luna o kona mau paia. Pēlā like me ka luakini o Rajarani, he nui nā kiʻi o nā ululāʻau ululāʻau a me nā kamaliʻi puʻupuʻu.
Ua hoʻonaniʻia ka waho o ka luakini me nā kiʻi o nā akua a me nā akua wahine, nāʻano hoʻomana, a me nā holoholona a me nā manu. Aia kekahi mau kiʻi likeʻole e pili ana i ke komohana o ke komohana. Ua hōʻikeʻiaʻo Shiva a me nā akua'ē aʻe i ko lākouʻano weliweli.
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ʻO Rajarani Temple
Kim Steele / Getty Images Buie: 10th Century AD
He kū hoʻokahi ka luakini o Rajarani no ka meaʻaʻohe akua e pili ana. Aia kekahi moʻolelo e pili ana ka halepule i ka halepuleʻo'Oriya king a mō'īwahine (raja a me ka hapa). Eia naʻe,ʻoi aku keʻano maoli, ua loaʻa ka inoa o ka luakini mai keʻano o kahi one one i hoʻohanaʻia e hana.
ʻO nā kiʻi kālaiʻia ma ka luakini, heʻano maikaʻi loa ia, me nā kiʻi kiʻiʻeleʻele. ʻO kēia ka mea e alakaʻi aku ai i ka luakini i kapaʻiaʻo Khajuraho o ka hikina. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻokani o ka luakini,ʻo ia nā pūpū o nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma luna o kona'āpana. ʻO ka papa hoʻolālā nui a mālama ponoʻia e kahi noho maluhia e hoʻomaha ai inā makemakeʻoe i kahi haʻalulu mai kaʻikeʻana aku.
Aia kahi uku komo no 15 rupei no nā India a 200 rupees no nā malihini. Ke kūʻokoʻa nā keiki ma lalo o 15 makahiki.
E ho'āʻo a hopu i ka Hui Hoʻohanohano Rajarani , i mālamaʻia ma ka hale o ka luakini i Ianuali i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
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ʻO ka Halepuleʻo Yogini
I loko o ka luakiniʻo Yogini 64. Sharell Cook Built: 9-10th Cent AD
ʻOiai ka halepuleʻo 64 Yogini i Hirapur, kahi 15 kapuaʻi ma ka hikina o Bhubaneshwar, pono e hoʻoikaika i ka huakaʻi. ʻO ka mea i hanaʻia ai kēia luakini he kūikawāʻo ia wale nō o nā luakiniʻehāʻehā i India i hoʻolaʻaʻia no ka hoʻomana o ka tantra. Hoʻopiliʻia i ka mea pohihihi a nui ka poʻe o ka'āina e hopohopo nei - aʻaʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo ke kumu.
ʻO ka luakini he 64 mau kiʻi kegene pōhakuʻeleʻele i kālaiʻia i loko o nā paia o loko, e hōʻike ana i nāʻano he 64 o ka makuahine luʻu i hanaʻia e inu i ke koko o nā daimonio. Ua manaʻo ka manaʻoʻo yogini e hoʻomana i nā wāhine akua 64 aʻo ke akua wahineʻo Bhairavi e hāʻawi iā lākou i mana mana.
ʻO ka mea mahalo,ʻaʻohe hale i ka luakini. Uaʻikeʻia ma ka moʻolelo, no ka mea, e lele aku nā akua wahineʻo yogini a holoholo i ka pō.
ʻO nā hana kū hoʻokahi i manaʻoʻia i hanaʻia i loko o ka luakini,ʻaʻole e hiki hou. I kēia manawa,ʻo ke akua pelekāne he akua wahine i kapaʻiaʻo Mahamaya. Ua hoʻomanaʻiaʻo ia a me nā hiraka ma keʻano o Durga akua ma Dussehra a me Basanti Puja.
E ho'āʻo a kipa i ka luakini i kakahiaka nui, i ka wā e hāʻawi ai ka puaʻa i ka manaʻo, aiʻole ka napoʻoʻana o ka lā i ke kaniʻana o nā yoginis i ka mālamalama a ke hele mai nei e ola ana. Kūleʻi ka nohona kauhale ma waena o nā māla paddy i ka hale noho.