Ma mua o kou heleʻana, eʻike i nā Hōʻike Hou
Ke kū neiʻo Stonehenge ma Salisbury Pāpū, nui, kaʻawale a pohihihi. Ke ho'āʻo nei nā kānaka e hoʻomaopopo i ka manaʻo a me ka moʻaukala o UK - aʻo ka honua paha - nā pōhaku kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa a koʻikoʻi no ka 800 mau makahiki.
I kēia manawa,ʻo kaʻimi noiʻi e hoʻopuka nei i kekahi mau manaʻo hou e pili ana iā Stonehenge; kona kumu a me kona manaʻo. Hiki i nā loina hou ke hoʻololi i kou manaʻo e pili ana i kēia wahi hoʻokupu.
A ma hope o ka loiloi nui o nā hale malihini kipa i kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua akāka loa nā moʻolelo - a me nā mea pohihihi - o Stonehenge ma mua o ka wā ma mua.
Ka mea e manaʻo i ka wā e hele aiʻoe
ʻO ka mea mua āu e nānā ai e pili ana i ka hale hōkaʻikaʻi Stonehenge ka meaʻuʻuku eʻike aiʻoe. ʻO ka hale, i kākauʻia e Denton Corker Marshal, ua aneane make i ka'āina. Ua like kona kuahiwi i nā paepae kalo a ke lele nei i ka nahele o nā lāʻau'ōpiopio -ʻo nā lāʻauʻoihana e kākoʻo ana.
Ma waho o ke kikowaena, kahi kaʻakola kaʻapuni kahi kokoke i kahi hilinaʻi e hāʻawi iāʻoe i nā pōhaku kahiko i hoʻokahi mile a me ka hapalua. Inā kohoʻoe e hele ma kahi, e loaʻa iāʻoe ka maikaʻiʻoi aʻe e maopopo ai pehea ke kūpono o ka monument i kona'āina kahiko. I ka wā ma mua,ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā malihini ki Stonehenge ka manawa kūpono eʻike ai i nā puʻupuʻu prehistoric i pāhola a puni ka pūnaewele. Akā, e holo ana ma ka honua, ma lalo o ka lewa o Salisbury Plain , he alaʻoiaʻiʻo e hiki mai.
Ma hope, e hoʻolālā i ka manawa eʻimi ai i kahi pūnaewele malihini kipa iho. I loko o ia hale,ʻelua hale pā hale he cafe a he hale kūʻai likeʻole me kekahi wahi liʻiliʻi, nani a me ka hōʻike. Hōʻike ka hōʻike i kahiʻiʻo maoli ma nā iwi o ke kipa i Stonehenge, eʻimi i nā mele a me nā mana o ka wā i hala a me nā hopena hope o nā mea noiʻi e hana nei ma ka pūnaewele.
Ma waena o nā mea koʻikoʻi:
- ʻO nā mea hana maoli i hoʻohanaʻia e nā mea hana pōhaku o Stonehenge - i waena o lākou kahi'ūniʻuʻulaʻula i hoʻohanaʻia eʻeli i ka luawai a kūkulu i nāʻaukā i kūkulu muaʻia ma ka pūnaewele.
- ʻO kekahi o nā mea hana Neolithic me ka pōhaku fll awl, kaʻike a me ka "mea hana" i hoʻohanaʻia no ka pāʻana i ke ahi a puhi i ke ahi. ʻO ke awl aʻike i ka nānā aku i nā mea nani like me nā mea hana i hoʻohanaʻia i kēia mau lā.
- Ua kūkulu houʻia ke poʻo o ke kanaka Neolithic mua, a hoʻohanaʻia me nāʻano moʻokalaleo e pili ana i ka iwi o kahi kanaka i kālaiʻia kokoke i ka 1900.
- ʻO ke koʻi keleawe heʻano like me nā koʻi i kālaiʻia i kekahi o nā pōhaku, 700 makahiki i kūkuluʻia aiʻo Stonehenge.
- He palapala'āina o Pelekānia i ka manawa i hoʻohanaʻia ai Stonehenge, e hōʻike ana i nā hanana'ē aʻe o nā mea'ē aʻe, nā pūnaewele likeʻole, nā pōhaku a me nā puʻu i kūkuluʻia ma ka'āina a pau i ka manawa like. Hōʻikeʻia e kahiʻahahui i hoʻonohonoho ponoʻia e kaʻana like i nā kuʻuna, nā monuments a me nāʻoihana a i hoʻopalahalaha mai ka'ākau'ākau i ka English Channel.
- Ma waho, i kūkulu houʻia kahi kūlanakauhale Neolithic (e pili ana i nāʻikea e pili ana) e hāʻawi ana i nā malihini i kahi manaʻo no ka nohoʻana o nā mea kūkulu hale pōhaku o Stonehenge.
Pehea Pehea lākou eʻike ai i kēia?
ʻO kēlā kahi maikaʻi loa o ka moʻolelo e hoʻi i ke ala e pili mua ai i ka hoʻomanaʻo no ka pilikua nani.
E like me ka'ōlelo Pelekane Pelekane , a me ka National Trust, e mālama ana i kahi kahua e pili ana i kahi 90 mau mile ma ka hema o Lādana, ua loaʻa nā kākau mua i ka hapalua o ka haneli haneli o Henry o Huntingdon, he kahunapule Lincoln nāna i kākau i ka moʻolelo oʻEnelani.
Ua kāheaʻo ia i ka Stanages pūnaewele a kākauʻo ia no nā pōhaku o "ka nani nui ... i kūkuluʻia ma muli o ke ala o nā puka, a uaʻikeʻia ka puka i luna o ka puka,ʻaʻole e hiki i kekahi ke hāpai i keʻano o ka piʻiʻana o nā pōhaku nui, ka mea i kūkuluʻia ai i laila. "
Nā nīnau āna - pehea i kūkuluʻia aiʻo Stonehenge, no ke aha i kohoʻia ai kona wahi i kohoʻia a a ma o lākou lā - ua hoʻohaunaele nā hanauna o ka poʻe kākau, nā mea noiʻi a me nā malihini kipa. I kēia manawa, i nā makahiki mua o ke kenekulia 21, ua hoʻomaka ke kālaihonua e kiʻi i nā pane hou - a me nā nīnau hou he nui.
Nā nīnau e like me:
Pehea i hanaʻia ai i kūkuluʻia ai a ma wai?
ʻO kekahi o nā mea pohihihi nui o Stonehenge ka mea i hana maoliʻia. ʻO kekahi o nā pōhaku iʻoi loa aku ka puʻuwai e hele mai ana mai nā haneli haneli maika mai ma Preseli Hills o Wales.
Pehea i laweʻia ai lākou e kaʻaha kanaka i hoʻohanaʻole i ka huila? Aʻo ke kāheaʻana i ke kumukūʻau "ka pōhaku hoʻomanaʻo mua o ka prehisticic prepistoric i ka honua,"ʻo ka'ōlelo Pelekane Pelekaneʻoiaiʻoiai he mau pōhaku pōhaku Neolithic kekahi o nā pōhaku kūlohelohe a me nā pōhaku,ʻo Stonehenge ka hana i nā pōhaku i kālaiʻia, nā hui.
I ka paʻaʻana o nā pōhaku lintel o ka pōʻai waho, ua kūkuluʻia lākou i kahi pālahalaha, ākea,ʻoiai e hoʻomanaʻo ana ke kua pōhaku.
Ua haʻiʻia nā mea kākau mua e ke Roma, ua kūkuluʻia ke kumukūʻai e nā Roma, a hāʻawi kekahi i loko o ka naʻau o nā moʻolelo legendia o Arthuria a'ōleloʻia e lima limaʻo Merlin i ke kūkuluʻana. Aia nā moʻolelo o Merlin e lele nei i nā bluestones mai Wales a hoʻokuʻu iā lākou i luna o kahi pahu. A no ka mea, he nui nā moʻolelo e pili ana i ke komoʻana o nā mea'ē.
I kēia mau lā, he mau mea hoʻonani nāʻoihana i ka honua. No nā makahiki heʻumikumamālima, ma ka papahana Stonehenge Riverside, nā haumāna o nā kālaihonua mai nā kulanui o Sheffield, Manchester, Southampton a me Bournemouth, a me ka University College London, e aʻo ana i kahi hoʻomanaʻo a me ka'āina ākea. Ke manaʻo nei lākou ua kūkuluʻiaʻo ia ma keʻano he papahana hoʻohuiʻoleʻia ma waena o nāʻohana mahiʻai o East and West Britons, i waena o 3,000 HK a 2,500 HK, i kaʻana likeʻana i kahi moʻomeheu maʻamau.
ʻO Archeology Professor Mike Parker Pearson o ke Kulanui o ka Kulanuiʻo Lākana,ʻo ia ka mea kākau o Stonehenge, he Mālamalama Hou: E hoʻoholo ana i nā mea iʻikeʻia o ka pōhaku kiʻekiʻeʻo Stone Age Monument e wehewehe ana:
"... aia ka uluʻana o ka mokupuni ākea-ʻanoʻano likeʻole -ʻanoʻano likeʻole o nā hale, ka ipu lepo a me nā mea'ē aʻe i hoʻohanaʻia mai Orkney a hiki i kaʻaoʻao hema ... Stonehenge pono'īʻia he mea nui, e makemake ana i ka hana a nā ... He hana pono iā ia iho, e koi ana i nā kānaka a pau e huki pū, e hanaʻia paha. "
Aʻo ka nohoʻana ma kahi oʻelua mau mile ma ka'ākau o ke kahawaiʻo Durrington Walls, kākoʻo i kēia kumumanaʻo me kaʻike o ka 1,000 mau hale a me 4,000 mau kānaka mai nā mokupuni a pau o Pelekane e hele ana - i ka wā i manaʻoʻia ka heluna kanaka o ka'āina holoʻokoʻa. 10,000.
ʻO ka kūlanakauhale o nā mea kūkulu hale paha ka mea nui loaʻo Neolithic ma Europa. ʻO ka manpower e hana i nā hana koʻikoʻi nui ma laila. Ua hoʻoneʻeʻia nā pōhaku mai Wales mai, ma o nā lūlū a me ka moku,ʻaʻole ma nā hanaʻeleʻele a me nāʻikeʻike. ʻOiai ka lōʻihi o ka hui i makemakeʻia i kēlā wā hoʻomaka, he mea kupaianaha.
A hoʻokahi wale nō manaʻo. ʻO kekahi hoʻi, ua laweʻia nā pōhaku Welsh e ka Ice Age glaciers a ua loaʻaʻo ia i ka hoʻomehana maoli i ka pāpū kahi i hele ai nā mea kūkulu hale o Stonehenge i ka honua.
ʻEhia makahiki i ka wā kahiko?
ʻO kaʻike maʻalahi,ʻo ia ka pilina ma kahi o 5,000 mau makahiki a ua kūkuluʻia i loko o nā hanana i kahi o 500 mau makahiki. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo ka nui o ke kūkulu nui o Stonehenge, iʻikeʻia i kēia lā, i kūkuluʻia i loko o kēlā wā.
Akāʻo ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka pūnaewele Stonehenge no ka mea nui, aʻoi aku paha ka hoʻiʻana o nāʻoihana - ma muli o ka 8,000 a 10,000 makahiki. ʻO nā wahi i kūkuluʻia a puni ke kahua hoʻomanaʻo o kahi hoʻomanaʻo i nā makahiki 1960 a laila i nā makahiki 1980 ua loaʻa nā lua i paʻa i nā lāʻau lāʻau i kūkuluʻia ma waena o 8500BC a me 7000BC.
ʻAʻole maopopo iā lākou inā pili pono paha kēia mau mea iā Stonehenge, akā,ʻo ka mea e māhuahua aʻe nei,ʻo ka'āina o Salisbury Pālala he mea nui i nā Pelekane mua no nā makahiki he mau makahiki.
No ke ahaʻo Salisbury Plain?
Hōʻike nā mea hoʻolālāʻo Season Time he wahi kūpono maikaʻi kahi kūpono no nā wahi āpau aʻo nā laina a me nā kikowaena eʻikeʻia ana e ka lewa a ma o nā hoʻonaʻauao'ōpilika he laina laina.
Uaʻoi aku kaʻoi aʻe o ka'āina. Ua uhiʻia nā ululāʻau kahiko o Beretania. ʻO kahi ākea ākea, he mau mano o nāʻeka o ka'ōmole'ōpiopio'ōpiopioʻole, he meaʻole a he mea kūikawā paha. ʻOiai i kēia mau lā, holo pololei ma kahi o Salisbury i ka pōʻeleʻele o ka pō,ʻo kāna mau mea honua iʻikeʻoleʻia e pili ana i ka hōkū lani, hiki keʻike i kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe.
A o nā laina, i kapaʻia heʻokiʻoki e pili pono ana me ka axis o ka solstice, he mau mea hoʻomehana honua maoli. ʻO nā kānaka mahiʻai i hoʻoponopono i kēia wahi a nānā pono i nā hōʻailona o ka hola no kaʻikeʻana i ka hoʻololiʻana i nā loli o nā kau a kohoʻia ka pae a me ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o Stonehenge no lākou.
ʻO ka hopena i loaʻa i ka lālā o Prof. Pearson. 'Ōleloʻiaʻo ia, "I ka wā i'ōhumu mākou i kēia kūlana kūʻokoʻa o kaʻaoʻao o ka lā i kahakahaʻia ma ka'āina, uaʻike mākou ua koho nā poʻe mua i kēia wahi e kūkulu i ka Stonehenge no ka mea i hoʻokahua muaʻia ma mua o lākou. waena o ke ao nei. "
He aha nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia no?
E lawe i kāu koho: Druid worship, burials, nā hoʻouluʻaiʻana, nā mōhai holoholona, nā hanaʻaina'āina, nāʻoihana kaiāulu, kahi kiko ola, kahi papahana mahiʻai, kahi papa palekana, he hōʻailona i nā akua, kahi kīʻaha o nā haole. He nui nā kumumanaʻo e pili ana i ka mea i hoʻohanaʻia e Stonehenge. A ma luna o nā makahiki, uaʻikeʻia nāʻike o nāʻoihana o nāʻoihana o nāʻoihana o nāʻoihana (koe wale nā haole'ē aʻe). ʻO ka loaʻaʻana he 150 mau kupapaʻu ma ia wahi heʻike hou loa ia, e like paha.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo ka'āina hoʻomana o Stonehenge kekahi hapa o ka hoʻohanaʻia e nā hui kanaka likeʻole no nā makahiki he mau makahiki. Loaʻa paha i ka hoʻohanaʻiaʻana o nā hoʻohana likeʻole i nā makahiki he nui. ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo loa i kēia wahi hilahilaʻole, akāʻo nā mea kākau a me nā mea kākau moʻolelo ke hoʻokokoke nei i nā manawa a pau.
Ke hele
I kēlā me kēia makahiki, heleʻo Wiccans, Neo Pagans, New Agers, a me nā poʻe malihini kipa i Stonehenge no ka solstice kauwela . ʻO ia wale nō ka manawa eʻaeʻia ai ka poʻe malihini kipa e hoʻomoana ma waho o ka pūnaewele a hoʻomaha i ka pō e kali ana i ka wanaʻao.
Akāʻo nā mea i loaʻa ma Durrington Walls e hōʻike i ka midwinter,ʻaʻole ka midsummer ka mea nui loa a me ka manawa no ka hana a me kaʻahaʻaina. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kumumanaʻo'ē aʻe ma ka wahi Stonehenge e pili ana i ka pukaʻana o ka lā a me ka lā. ʻO keʻano o keʻano o ka hoʻolālā eʻike ai i nāʻahaʻaina ahi a me nā mālamaʻana i waena o nā wahi a puni oʻEulopa'Ākau.
Hiki iāʻoe ke kipa aku iā Stonehenge i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki a i kēlā me kēia mehe he mau mea maikaʻi a me nā meaʻinoʻole. Hele i ka hoʻoilo aʻaʻoleʻoe e ala i ke kakahiaka nui eʻike i ka pukaʻana o ka lā, eʻike mau i kaʻike ma kahi hoʻomanaʻo. I Kekemapa, piʻi ka lā ma kahi o 8 am.ʻAʻole i weheʻia ka monument akā hiki iāʻoe keʻike iā ia ma kahi mamao loa mai ke A303. Hiki paha i ka paena ke liʻiliʻi i ka nui. ʻO kaʻaoʻao lalo,ʻo Salisbury Plain ke anu, nā makani a, a me nā makahiki i hala, i uhiʻia i ka hau a iʻole ka wai iʻikeʻoleʻia e hiki ai i kahi'ē aʻe, ua palena nā pae i pili.
Inā heleʻoe i ke kauwela, e hakakāʻoe me nā lehulehu o nā mea'ē aʻe a, inā makemakeʻoe eʻike i ka lā, e ahoʻoe e ala koke. I ka mahinaʻo Iune, hiki i ka lā ma mua o 5 mau lā. Ma kaʻaoʻaoʻaoʻao, hiki iāʻoe ke hele mālie mai ka pūnaewele malihini kipa i ka pūnaewele me ka hoʻoukaʻole. A me nā hola lōʻihi o ka wanaʻao, loaʻa iāʻoe ka manawa hou eʻimi ai i nā kahua prehistoric kokoke a me ke kūlanakauhale o Salisbury.
ʻO kahi kokoke
ʻO ka pōhakuʻo Stoneishge,ʻo ia ka mea hoʻomana pōhakuʻoi aku ma keʻano he hoʻokahi wale nō monima ma waenakonu o kahi'āina prehistoric maikaʻi i hoʻolālāʻia me nā hiʻohiʻona maalea. ʻO ka Stoneedge, Avebury a me nā Hale Hui Pūnaeweleʻo UNESCO World Heritage site, kahi:
- he Henge nui ma Avebury i loaʻa ka pōʻai pōhaku nui ma ka honua
- ʻO Silbury Hill - kahi pohihihi, kahi i hanaʻia e ke kanaka, ka nui loa maʻEulopa, kahi o 100 kapuaʻi ke kiʻekiʻe a 4,400 mau makahiki. ʻAʻohe mea iʻike i ka mea nāna i kūkulu a no ke kumu. E ho'āʻo i ka National Trust Silbury Hill Walk.
- ʻO Westnet Kennet Long Barrow, kekahi o nā lua nui ma Neolithic nui loa ma Beretania.
ʻO kahi kokoke i kēia:ʻO ke kūlanakauhaleʻuʻuku o Salisbury me kona halepule, kahi home i ka kope mua loa o ka Magna Carta a me ka Medieval Clock -ʻo ka'emeu hana mua loa e noho nei ma kahi o 20 mau minuke ma ke kaʻa a kū moku paha.
Nā Pono Nui
- ʻO ka laweʻana i ka palapala hoʻokae palena manawa i ka hoʻolaha muaʻana. No nā manawa hoʻomaka, nā kumukūʻai o ka manawa a me ka hoʻolahaʻana i nā tickets, eʻike i ka pūnaewele tikipelima Stonehenge.
- Ke kiʻina pōhaku - Huli i ka heleʻana ma ka pūnaewele puni honua.
- Loaʻa i laila:
- Ma ke kaʻaahi mai London Waterloo a hiki i ke kahuaʻo Salisbury ( nānā National Rail Inquiries ) a laila ka Stonehenge Tour Bus, ke kaʻa a ke kanaka i hoʻolaʻaʻia ma kahi kaʻaahi.
- Ma ka wāwae a iʻole ke kaʻapuni - Ua hoʻopuka ka Papa Kaapuniʻo Wiltshire i nā kuhikuhi i Stonehenge e ka wāwae a me nā ala hele wāwae a me nā kaʻa kaʻa o ka'āina. Hiki iāʻoe keʻimi i ka Stonehenge ma ka pūnaewele Sustrans o ka National Cycle Network.
- Ma ke kaʻa - Hele aku ka'enehi mai ka A360, mai London mai ma M3 a me ka A303 (i hoʻonohoʻia SatNavs no ka Postcode SP4 7DE). He 88 mau mile aʻoi aku i lalo oʻelua hola i ke kūlana maikaʻi. Aia kahi kaʻa ma kahi paena no nā mea pepa kūʻai pepa pōhakuʻo Stonehenge.