ʻEono Pono-ʻike i nā Temples ma Bagan, Myanmar

01 o 07

ʻEono mau luakini o nā kaukani e hiki ai ke kipaʻana i Bagan

Me nā mano o nā pupule a me nā uku e kipa aku ai,ʻaʻohe mea maikaʻi loa no kaʻikeʻana i ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana o nā halepuleʻo Bagan . Hōʻikeʻia nā luakini i loko o kēia papa inoa he nui loaʻo Bagan, ka mea nui loa, a kaulana loa, a pono e komo pū i loko o kekahi papa hana halepuleʻo Bagan eʻoi aku ana ma mua o hoʻokahi lā.

No ka hapalua o ka luakini, ua'ōlelo kuʻu alakaʻiʻo Aung Kyaw Moe e pale anaʻoe meʻelua mau mākia: "No ka hala hapa hapalua lā, hikiʻoe ke kipa i nā luakini o Shwezigon a me Ananda," wahi a Mr. Aung. "Inā ua hele muaʻoe i kēia mau wahiʻelua, ua maikaʻi." No nā hele lōʻihi, e hoʻonohonoho i nāʻaʻahu o ka luakini ma nā wahi i heluʻia maʻaneʻi.

He mau'ōlelo aʻo wale nō: no kaʻelua o kēia mau temple (Htilominlo a me Shwandaanda), e nānā pono nā mea nānā i ka hale iāʻoe inā e paʻa anaʻoe i kahi papa puleʻo Bagan; hiki ke mālama houʻia nā nānā i nā wahi'ē aʻe ma kahi'ē aʻe. A ināʻoe e hoʻolālā eʻike i nā lāʻeono i ka lā hoʻokahi, koho i kahi koho hoʻokele kaʻa kaʻa ma kahi wikiwiki loa (kaʻa me ka mea hoʻokele,ʻo ia, horsecart, hell no).

No ka hoʻopaʻaʻana i ka'ōlelo 'huna' o nā luakini o Myanmar, e heluhelu i kā mākou papa hana maʻalahi. No kahiʻokoʻa'ē aʻe o ka luakini, e nānā i kēia papa inoa o nā luakiniʻo Bagan i ka nānāʻana i ka lā .

02 o 07

ʻO Temple Shwezigon:ʻO ka Stupa nāna i hoʻomaka

ʻO keʻano likeʻole o Shwezigon me Shwedagon ma Yangon ma ke kūkulu hemaʻaʻole no ke kuʻina. Ma hope o ka pauʻana o Shwezigon i ka 1086 AD,ʻo ka nani a me ka nani o ka luakini ua lilo ia i kumu hoʻohālike no nā luakini'ē aʻe i kūkuluʻia i loko o ka mana aupuni. ʻO Shwedagon -ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe i hala iʻehā mau haneli mau makahiki ma hope aku - hiki paha i kaʻoihana o kona kaha i ka nui a me ka nani, akā, pili i nā hopena o kona mua.

Hoʻoponoponoʻia e ke aliʻi hoʻokumu nuiʻo Anawrahta a hoʻopauʻia e kāna mea paniʻo Kyansittha, hoʻohālikeʻia ka hoʻolālā a Shwezigon i ka mana o nā hanaunaʻelua. Ua likeʻo Shwezigon i kahi'āina i hoʻolaʻaʻia kahi e pule ai nā mō'ī, a mahalo paha i ka pōmaikaʻi: ua mālamaʻia ke kihi kihi hema o ia mau pule.

Ke hōʻike nei ka inoa o ka luakini i kēia kumuhana: "He hulu keʻano o ke gula, ʻo keʻano o keʻanoʻo ka honua a lanakila paha," wahi a Mr. "Inā he mea nui ka mō'ī, kū lākou ma laila e pule i kā lākou makemake e hana - e hoʻokōʻia ko lākou makemake."

Ma kahi o ka 160-foot-high gold spire, eʻikeʻoe i kekahi mau papa hana'ē aʻe e lawelawe ana i nā hana hoʻomanaʻo a me nāʻoihana hoʻonaʻauao. Hōʻike ka hale hana i nā dioramas o ka hālāwai mua o Buddha me nā HāhāʻEhā; ʻike kekahi i ka nui o nā kīʻaha kālā i hoʻonohonohoʻia i loko o ke apo, kahi hiki iāʻoe ke ho'āʻo e pana kālā i loko o ke pola.

ʻO Shwezigon kekahi kikowaena no ka hoʻomana ( nat ); he mau hale hale i hoʻopaʻaʻia e hōʻike ana i nā keiki he 37 iʻikeʻia ma Myanmar, kahi e hiki ai i nā kānaka noho ke pule i ko lākou haku pilikino no ka pale a me ka noi

03 o 07

Ka Hale HōʻikeʻikeʻO Htilominlo: Aia i ka Māla

ʻO ka Mō'ī Htilominlo (1211 a 1235 AD),ʻo ia ka muli loa o nā keiki aliʻiʻelima i ka Mō'ī Sithu II, ua hoʻopaʻaʻo ia i kona noho aliʻi ma muli o kahi hana kū'ēʻole, kahi i hāʻule ai ka malu o ka Mō'ī. ʻO ka inoa o ka mō'īʻelua a me ka Hale Hōʻike i ka hopena - "hti", "min" (king), a me "lo" (makemake nui) e hōʻike ana ua koho ka pōlele i ka mō'ī i aliʻi e nohoaliʻi hou ana.

ʻAʻole ka nui o ka luakini ma Bagan, akā, he helu maoli ia e like me kekahi o kona nani loa. Piʻiʻia kona ala i 150 kapuaʻi ma luna o ka'āinaʻo Bagan, aʻo kēlā me kēiaʻaoʻaoʻehā e kūpono ana i nā kuhikuhiʻana o ka'ākau e like me 140 kapuaʻi. ʻO kahi pāʻuni puni e pili ana i ka Htilominlo Temple me nā hale kūʻai kālepa e kūʻai ana i nāʻoihana, nā lole a me nā mea hoʻomanaʻo i hoʻolakoʻia, e hāʻawi ana i ka luakini e like me ka lewa likeʻole.

ʻO nā pilikinoʻulaʻula ke kūkuluʻia i ka paia a me ka hale o ka luakini:ʻikeʻia ka nui o nā pōhaku brick, e hōʻike ana i kahi brickwork pāpālina a me ka poʻomaʻu me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma waena. Hōʻike ka luakini i loko o nā poʻe Buddhāʻehā kūlana e kū nei i mua o kēlā me kēia kulekele kuhikuhi. ʻO nā keʻena e pili ana i nā alanui i hoʻopaʻaʻia me nā hīnaʻi e hōʻike ana i ke ola a me nā manawa o Buddha.

Eʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i ka Mō'ī a me kona hale inoa inoa ma kēiaʻatikala ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻo Htilominlo .

04 o 07

ʻO ka Haleʻo Ananda:ʻO ka Hale Hoʻohanohano hoʻokahi

ʻO ka Hale Pule Ananda he hale pule e like me keʻano o ka halepule me nā mea likeʻole me ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke kinoʻuhane ma Bagan.

ʻO ke Aliʻi Kyansittha - ke keiki a Anawrahta a me ke kahu ma hope o ka pauʻana o Shwezigon - kauoha ia i ke kūkuluʻana i ka hale o Ananda, i pau i ka 1105AD. ʻO ka haʻaheo a me ka hemolele o keʻano o Ananda ka mea i ulu i kekahi mau'ōlelo pōuliuli.

ʻO ka mea mua, ua loheʻiaʻo Ananda i ka hanaʻana i nā mikionona a Ananda i pepehiʻia ma hope o ka pauʻana o ka luakini, iʻole e hiki ke hanaʻia kahi hale kūpono'ē aʻe ma kahi o Ananda. ʻO ka lua, ua makemakeʻo Kyansittha e kanu iā ia iho i loko o ka lumi o Ananda,ʻoiai e hoʻopau wale anaʻo ia ma hope o ka'ōhumuʻana a kāna aliʻi aliʻiʻo Shin Arahan.

"Inā makemakeʻoe e kūkulu i ka luakini i wahi kapu, mai uhiʻoe iāʻoe iho!" Ua manaʻoʻo Mr. Aung iā Shin Arahan e aʻo ana i kāna mō'ī. "Ināʻoe e hana,ʻaʻole ia he heiau, he lua kupapaʻu ia."

ʻO ka papahele papahele o Ananda kahi like me ke kalo Helene, a me nā alanui e hele aku ai i nā kuhikuhi āpauʻehā, e puka mai ana mai kahi keʻena e lawe ana i hoʻokahi o nā Buddhaʻehā, kahi e kū ana ma kahi oʻeiwa kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi a hanaʻia i nā kumu lāʻau. Hālāwaiʻia nā hale pule e kahi kūlana kūʻokoʻa oʻelua mau lumi moe: kahi aniani i mālamaʻia no kaʻohana aliʻi, a me waho no ka hana a nā mōneka a me nā mea'ē aʻe.

Ma muli o ka pōhaku kaumaha a me nā pōhaku lepo i kūkuluʻia ai ka hale o Ananda Temple, nā mea e hoʻolālā nui ai e hoʻonani i ka makani a me ka mālamalama: nā ala e hoʻokuʻi ana i nā alaloa i kaʻaila puka waho a me ka mālamalama e hele ai i ka hale o Ananda. ke kaheʻana o nā mākaʻikaʻi kino kino e hele ai ma nā alanui.

05 o 07

Hale Hōʻikeʻike Dhammayangyi: Karma Karma

ʻO ka luakini nui loa o Bagan i kūkuluʻia e ka Narathu huhū, a ua heleʻo ia i ka noho aliʻi ma ka pepehiʻana i kona makuakāne iā Alaungsithu, a ua pepehiʻiaʻo ia ma hope iho. I kona wā pōkole i waena o 1167 a me 1171AD, ua ho'āʻoʻo Narathu e hōʻole i ka karma ma ke kūkuluʻana i ka hale kiʻekiʻe loa ma Bagan.

ʻO Dhammayangyi kū hoʻokahi no konaʻano pyramid,ʻo ia wale nō ka luakini i Myanmar a pau; hōʻike ka brickwork i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻeʻole a Narathu i hoʻonohonoho no nā mea hanahana nāna i hāpai.

"Ua makemakeʻo Narathu i ka kiʻekiʻe o Dhammayangyi ma mua o ka luakini kiʻekiʻe loa,ʻoi aʻe ma mua o ka hana nani [Ananda Temple]," wahi a Mr. Aung. "ʻO ia ke kumu i kauoha aku aiʻo ia i nā mea hana pōhaku e hoʻopili i kā lākou mau pōhakuʻula.

ʻO kēiaʻano koko koko i hoʻopukaʻia i ke kūʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa, heʻehā mau makahiki i loko o kona nohoaliʻiʻana. Ma hope o kona pepehiʻana i ka mō'ī wahine Sri Lanka me ka huhū nui, ua pepehiʻiaʻo Narathu e nā pepehi i hoʻounaʻia e kona makuahōnōwai makua. I kona makeʻana,ʻaʻole i lawaʻo Dhammayangyi - a pēlā nō ia e noho nei.

"ʻAʻohe mea nani i loko o Dhammayangyi; he mau puʻupuʻu wale nō,ʻo kaʻala i loko e pīhoihoi nui," wahi a Mr. Aung iaʻu. "ʻO nā poʻe o ka'āina i hikiʻole ke hele i kēlāʻaoʻao ma hope o ka napooʻana o ka lā - manaʻo lākou he haunana ka luakini.

06 o 07

ʻO Manuha Hōʻike:ʻO ka Hall of Sadness

I kapaʻia ma hope o ke Aliʻi mō'ī i hoʻokuʻuʻia i kūkuluʻia, aia i loko o Manuha nā kiʻi nunuiʻekolu o Buddha,ʻekolu i mua a hoʻokahi e noho ana ma hope. ʻO ka mea maʻamau i loko o nā luakini o Bagan, ua kūkuluʻiaʻo Manuha e kekahi aliʻi lanakila i noho i kahi pio.

ʻO ka Mō'ī Manuha,ʻo ia kona Himon Kingdom ma ka hema o Bagan i lanakila ai ke aliʻi nuiʻo Anawrahta i ke kenekulia 11, i kona mau makahiki hope loa ma ka hale paʻahao ma Bagan. Ua kūʻai akuʻo ia i kahi apo kila e hōʻiliʻili i nā kālā e pono ai e kūkulu i ka luakini e kapaʻia nei kona inoa: he luakini lōʻihiʻehā, kahiʻekolu mau kiʻi Buddha e kū pono ana i ka hikina, aʻo kahi kiʻi Buddha e kū pono ana i ke komohana me ke poʻo e kū pono ana i ka'ākau.

ʻO nā kiʻiʻekolu o East Buddha e kū nei ma nā wahi'āpana a me nā pāpale ka mea iʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā poʻo kiʻi (ʻo ka Buddha waena e piʻi ana he 46 kapuaʻi ke kiʻekiʻe, aʻo nā Buddha hīpuʻu e kū ana he 33 kapuaʻi ke kiʻekiʻe). Manaʻo nā poʻe ma ka hanaʻana ua kūkuluʻia nā Buddha no ka hōʻehaʻeha i ka manaʻo o ka Mō'ī Manuha:ʻo kekahi noho Buddha he "mau makaʻino a me nā lehelehe", e like me ka'ōlelo a kuʻu alakaʻi, aʻo kekahi hoʻi he pahu e hōʻike ana i ka huhū o Manuha i loko o kona puʻuwai.

ʻO ka hōʻikeʻana o ka Buddha he 90 mau kapuaʻi i ka hope e hōʻike ana iā Buddha ma kona moena make, he kōkua i ka noʻonoʻoʻana i keʻano o ke ola, ua haʻiʻo Mr. Aung - "ʻO ka Buddha, makeʻo ia i hoʻokahi lā," i'ōlelo maiʻo ia iaʻu . "ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa - inā he hānau, make ka hana. Inā ua nui nā hana maikaʻi a mākou i hana ai, a inā mākou i hana i ka noʻonoʻo pono,ʻaʻole mākou e makaʻu i ka make.

07 o 07

ʻO ke Kai:ʻO ka Sunset Stupa

ʻO ka kapuahi he hoʻokahi wale nō mau malumalu i hoʻolālāʻia e hiki ai ke piʻi i luna (ʻo Thitsa Wadi, South, North Guni, a me Pyathatgyi), akā,ʻo ka manaʻo mai kona mau pae'āinaʻelima i manaʻoʻiaʻo ka maikaʻi āu e loaʻa ai ma Bagan.

ʻO nā alapiʻi kiʻekiʻe e alakaʻi i luna mai ka base i nā papa kiʻekiʻe; ʻO kahi bannisterʻoihana kahi mea e hāʻawi ai i kahi leverage no ka piʻiʻana ma lalo o nā hanana kūpono. Mai ke kumu i ka hti ma luna, he 328 kapuaʻi nā kapuaʻi nunui; ma nāʻanuʻu kiʻekiʻe i waena o 200-300 kapuaʻi ka lewa, hele ka poʻe malihini i kaʻike o ka muliwai o Ayeyarwady ma kahi lōʻihi loa, a me nā hale e kokoke ana, i loko o kēlā luakiniʻo Thatbyinnyu (hikiʻole ke nalo,ʻo ia ka luakini kiʻekiʻe o Bagan ) a me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike 'o Bagan Archaeological.

ʻO ka wīwī o ka makahiki 1975 i hōʻehaʻeha iā Bagan, waiho pū nōʻo ia i ka hōʻailona ma luna o Shwesandaw:ʻo ka hti āu iʻike ai ma luna loa, he kope ia o kekahi mea i hoʻopiʻiʻia i ka wā o ka haʻalulu (ua mālamaʻia ka hale i ka hale Archaeological Museum). Ke nalowale nei ka luakini i nā haneli he nui o nā pālolo e lawe ana i nā kiʻi mai ka Jataka Tales.

Ke weheʻia nā kahu a puni ka makahiki a puni, akā no ka nānā aku i ka nānāʻana i nāʻike a puni, e hele i ka hola hoʻoilo o Bagan i waena o Nowemapa a me Pepeluali, i ka wā eʻikea ana ka lani aʻikea kaʻike. Ponoʻoe e hoʻokaʻina i kāu huakaʻi e like me ka pukaʻana o ka lā a ka lā paha, i ka wā e hana ai ka lā i nā pōhaku lepo o nā kukui e pili kokoke ana i kēia manawa, i ka momona.