ʻO ka Quintessential Louisiana Pāʻani
ʻO Louis Gumbo ka meaʻoi loa loa o ka hana a me ka momona o Louisiana. ʻElua manawa o ka nui o nāʻokoʻa ma luna o ke kumukūʻai waiwai e like me nāʻohana ma ka moku'āina, a manaʻoʻia e nā kānaka he maikaʻi loa ke ala o ko lākouʻohana. Akā, he aha ia? He aha ka meaʻokoʻa ma mua o ka'ōhū maʻamau? He aha keʻano o ka mea maʻamau? E'ōhi hohonu.
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Uaʻike muaʻia ka "Gumbo" i ka manawa i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke kenekulia 1800, akā ua hiki paha ke hoʻouna muaʻia i kahi kīʻaha eʻokiʻia ana okra.
ʻO ka papahana kahi hui hoʻokahi wale nō i Louisiana i hui pūʻia me nā meaʻai a me nā meaʻaiʻAmelika,ʻAmelikaʻAmelika, Spanish, German, a me French. ʻO ka inoa "gumbo" paha mai ka'ōlelo Bantu (West African)'ōlelo no okra, "kingombo," aʻo ka'ōlelo Choctaw no filé, "kombo."
No laila he aha i Gumbo?
ʻO ka mea e hana maoli ai i ka gumbo ka mea maʻalahi a hiki ke lilo i mea kū'ē i waena o nā Līkana e like me ka mea e maopopo ana i kā lākou meaʻai he mea pono. Aia nā mea a pau i nā mea likeʻole. No nā mea hoʻomaka, ua hoʻomau pinepineʻia lākou i hoʻokahi aʻoi aʻe paha o kēia mau mea:
- ʻO ka ropu pouli (kahi hui o ka momona a me ka palaoa, kāpīpī mālieʻia i ka waihona)
- ʻO Okra (kahi huaʻai e loli i ke kuʻi a me keʻanoʻikeʻole i ka wā i puhiʻia)
- ʻO ka paukū maloʻo (kahi meaʻala a me kaʻeleʻele i hanaʻia mai kahi maloʻo maloʻo)
Hoʻopili pinepineʻiaʻo Filé i ka gumbo ma hope o ka laweʻiaʻana mai ka wela, akā, ua hui pūʻia nā kapuaʻi a me ka okra i ka manawa o ka hanaʻana.
ʻO ka mea nui nui o Gumbo e komo pū i ka meaʻai, ka moa, ka hausaʻi, a me ka lawaiʻa, akāʻo ka huiʻana o ia mauʻano likeʻole ia e pili ana i nāʻano āpau o ka'āina, ka loaʻaʻana o ka wā, nā kohoʻohana, a me ka hanaʻole a ke aliʻi.
ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana i nā huaʻona ka aneaneʻo kaʻoiaʻiʻo o kahi kapuʻo Cajun: ka mea kanu, nā aniani, a me nā hua'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo, a uaʻokiʻokiʻia kēia mau mea a maikaʻi ke kuke a hiki i ka manawa eʻikeʻoleʻia ai.
Hiki i kekahi mau kuke ke hoʻoulu i ka laulaʻau a iʻole nā meleleleʻulaʻula, aʻo ka Creole gumbos kekahi mau mea kanu.
ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā meaʻala, heʻano loli maoli nō, akā,ʻokoʻa ka paʻakai, ka pepa cayenne, a me ka pepaʻeleʻele, a hiki paha ke hoʻokomo pū i ka pepa keʻokeʻo, nā lau bay, koume, ka pāʻakai, a me nā mea'ē aʻe paha.
Pehea e hoʻohanaʻia aiʻo Gumbo?
Hāʻawiʻiaʻo Gumbo ma kahi (a ma kaʻaoʻao) o ke raiki, a ma keʻano maʻamau, ua kukeʻia ka laiki a Louisiana me ka pahuhopu o ka hanaʻana i ka momona,ʻo kēlā me kēia kīkokiʻole e pili pono. Hoʻohana pūʻia ka hānai a Cajun me ka hausage gumbo me kahiʻaoʻao o ka mea'alamona,ʻo ka salamati pāmīmī, kahi e hui ai kekahi poʻe me kahi'āpana gum i kēlā me kēia pā. Hiki i kekahi mau kuke ke kāpili i nā'āpana'ōmaʻomaʻoʻeleʻele a iʻole ka pā pālahalaha ma luna o kēlā me kēia kīʻaha o ka'āpana kiʻi e hoʻonaniʻia.
He aha kā Gumbo eʻai ai?
Ināʻaʻoleʻoe i loaʻa ma mua, hiki iāʻoe ke manaʻo e hiki i nā'ōlohelohe a pau i kahi waiwai momona. Hōʻalo mai kēia mai nāʻeleʻele pouli. ʻO ka nui o nā kumukūʻai i loko o ka'ōmole, eʻoi aku ka nui o ka uhuki, e like me kaʻulu a meilleille a me nāʻano ulana'ē aʻe,ʻo ia nā kāpulu gum o koho. Hanaʻia kekahi mau hueʻa iʻa me kaʻole o nā pulu, a maopopo lākouʻaʻole e like kaʻoluʻolu pouli.
ʻOi aku ka nani o Okra i keʻano o ka okra i hoʻohanaʻia.
Inā pilikiaʻoe i kēlāʻano (ʻo ia paha ke kumu ināʻaʻoleʻoe i makemake i nā kahupapaʻu a me nā haoha no ko lākouʻano), mai kauohaʻoe i kahi okra. He waiwai a me ka lepo o Filé gumbo a he meaʻono maikaʻiʻole paha (inā hiki iāʻoe, e ho'āʻo e noʻonoʻo i ka pia no ka meaʻaʻole iʻoluʻoluʻoleʻia -ʻo ka fatufras ka meaʻono nui loa no ka pia aʻa, a ke māhele nei lākou i kahi earthine).
Kūleʻa nuiʻo Gumbo, akā,ʻaʻoleʻo ia keʻano o ka wela o kou waha. Ināʻaʻohe maʻaʻoleʻoe i nā meaʻai a pau, hiki paha iāʻoe ke wela i nā meaʻono, akā,ʻaʻoleʻoi aku ka wela o ka meaʻai ma mua o ka nui o nā mea i loaʻa i kahi Indian a Thai haleʻaina. E like me ka hapanui o Cajun a me Creole, e hoʻohana nuiʻia ke kīpulu me nāʻanoʻono likeʻole i ka papaʻaina, no laila e hiki iāʻoe ke lawe ia mea i kāu ihoʻoihana maikaʻi.
Nā Typical Gumbos:
ʻO Creole Gumbo ka mea iʻike nuiʻia ma New Orleans.
Loaʻa iā ia he kumuʻulaʻula a ua hoʻouluʻia i ka moa, kaʻulu, ka lawaiʻa, okra,ʻekolu, a me kekahi mau manawa maʻamau.
Cajun Chicken a me Sausage Gumbo i loaʻa ma New Orleans a me kaʻaoʻaoʻo Lūlani Louisiana, me ka helu palenaʻole o nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi. He papa kolamu kona, aia i loko o ka moa a me ka lole a me ke kumamākolu. I kekahi manawa hoʻohanaʻia me ka paukū paule i ka pākaukau, e hoʻonui i kou manaʻo. Ma loko a puniʻo Evangeline a me St. Landry Palapalahele, ka moa a me ka sausage gumbo ke hoʻohanaʻia me nā hua paʻakikī e lana ana i loko.
ʻO ka iʻaʻaiʻo Seafood Gumbo he nui nāʻano likeʻole e like me kāu e noʻonoʻo ai, akāʻo kaʻike pinepineʻana i ka'alea, ka pāpaʻi, a me ka iʻa, a me kekahi nui o ka iʻa "iʻa" o ka iʻa. Hanaʻia me kahi iʻa iʻa a manaʻo hoʻi e lawaiʻa loa (ināʻoe eʻimi ana i kahi iʻa iʻa momona,ʻaʻole kēia noʻoe). ʻO ka hana maʻamau i kahi papa hana, a kohoʻia ka okra ma muli o ka'āpana aiʻole ka wā. ʻO nā meaʻai ka meaʻai me ka bouillabaisse kekahi mau meaʻono.
ʻO Gumbo z'Hesbes ka mea e pale ai i nā rula. ʻAʻoleʻo ia i ka hoʻopiʻiʻia e nā manaʻo aʻu i haʻi aku ai, akā, eia ka inoa o ka inoa kala no kekahi mau makahikiʻelua, no lailaʻo wai ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa. ʻO kēia kānana, kahi pili paha i ka Caribbean callaloo, heʻano meheʻole meatless i hanaʻia me ka popo o nā kīʻahaʻokoʻa, i kuke a kāwiliʻia i loko o ka waiwai,ʻo ka meaʻono i ka meaʻai kaulana loa no ka Lenten kinoʻole. ʻO ka inoa, i'ōleloʻia e like me ka "Gumbo zeb" ke hele mai mai ka "Farani" i nā lāʻau, "ʻo ia hoʻi ka"ʻohi kala. "