3 Loaʻa i nā wahi a me nā wahi Buddhist Odisha

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Kahi Kūkākūkā o nā Buddhist Sites ma Odisha

Hiki ke kalaʻiaʻoe no kaʻikeʻole i nā wahi Buddhist kapu i Orissa (Odisha). Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua kālai waleʻia lākou no nā mea i hala koke nei a ua nuiʻole iʻikeʻia. Akā,ʻoi aku i kahi 200 mau Buddhist, i hoʻoʻauheʻeʻia i ka lōʻihi a me ka laulā o ka moku'āina, ua hōʻikeʻia e kēia mau hōʻailona hōʻailona. Ke hōʻike nei lākou i ke koʻikoʻi o ka Buddhism ma Odisha mai ka kenekulia 6 BC a hiki i nā makahiki he 15th-16th AD, me nā kenekulia 8 a 10-ʻo ia ka manawa i hoʻopōmaikaʻi nuiʻia. Hāpaiʻia nā aʻoaʻo Buddhist mai nāʻokoʻa apau (e like me Hinayana, Mahayana, Tantayana a me nā mea'ē aʻe e like me Vajrayana, Kalacakrayana, a me Sahajayana) i Odisha, e hāʻawi ana i ka moku he hoʻoilina waiwai Buddhist.

ʻO ka hoʻomana nui loa o Buddhist e mau ana ma nā kahuaʻekolu - Ratnagiri, Udayagiri, a me Lalitagiri - i kapaʻiaʻo "Diamond Triangle". Aia nā pūnaewele i kahi o nā monasteries, nā luakini, nā wahi kiʻekiʻe, nā pupule, a me nā kiʻi nani o nā kiʻi Buddhist. ʻO ko lākou wahi kaiāulu, ma waena o nā puke momona a me nā pāla paddy, heʻelua kiʻi me ka maluhia.

Ua hoʻonuiʻo Odisha Tourism i nā makahiki he mau makahiki e hoʻolālā nei i nā wahi mākaʻikaʻi e pili ana i kēia mau wahi Buddhist nui, i kēia manawa kahi o nā wahi kipa nui e kipa ai i Odisha.

Pehea eʻike maikaʻi ai i nā Paena Buddhist Nui o Odisha?

ʻO ka "Diamond Triangle"ʻo Odisha (Ratnagiri, Udayagiri, a me Lalitagiri) aia ma nā puʻuʻo Assia, ma kahi oʻelua hola e holo ana i ka'ākau o Bhubaneshwar. ʻO kaʻoihanaʻoihana e pili kokoke ana i Bhubaneshwar kahi kahi o kahiʻoihana kaʻaahi kokoke loa i Cuttack.

Ua hoʻomaka keʻano kūikawāʻo Mahaparinirvan Express Indian Buddhist Tourist Train me nā kahua Buddhist o Odisha ma kona alahele, akā naʻe ua haʻaleleʻia kēia no ka nele i ka hoʻolālā. ʻO Swosti Travels ka mea hoʻolako nui loa o nā lawelawe holokaʻi ma Odisha a hiki iā ia ke mālama i nā hoʻolālāʻana, e like me ka hoʻolimalima kaʻa.

ʻO ka poʻe e makemake ana e kipa i nā wahi pūnaewele, hiki iā lākou ke noho ma kahi hōkele o Toshali i Ratnagiri (i weheʻia iʻApelila 2013). E kūpono ana e kū pono ana i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike'Aiho a kokoke i ka pili Buddhist o Ratnagiri. Aiaʻo Udayagiri ma lalo o 10 mau mile mai kaʻaoʻao o Ratnagiri,ʻoiaiʻo Lalitagiri kahi i 20 kilomita.

ʻO ka manawa hea ka mea maikaʻi loa e kipa ai?

ʻO nā lau maloʻo maloʻo maiʻOkakopa a Malaki,ʻoi aku kaʻoluʻolu. Ināʻole, hiki ke anuanu loa ke anuanu i loko oʻApelila a me Mei ma mua o ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka pū.

E heluhelu i kaʻike e pili ana i nā wahi Buddhistʻekoluʻo Odza.

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ʻO Ratnagiri

ʻO Ratnagiri,ʻo "Hill of Jewels",ʻo ia ka poho Buddhaʻoi loa i Odisha a he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia ma keʻano he wahi Buddhist - no kona mau kiʻi hoʻokiʻekiʻe a he kikowaena no nā aʻo Buddhist. ʻO kekahi o nā kumukānāwai Buddhist mua i ka honua,ʻo ka hoʻokūpaʻaʻana i ka mea kaulana i Nalanda (ma Bihar State), ua manaʻoʻia aia ma Ratnagiri.

ʻO ka wahi Buddhist ma Ratnagiri kahi mai ka makahiki 6 o ka makahiki AD. ʻIkeʻia ka uluʻana o ka Buddhiano a hiki i ke kenekulia 12 AD. I ka hoʻomakaʻana, he wahi nui ia no ka Buddhist Mahayana. Ma nā kenekulia 8 a 9 o ka makahiki AD, ua lilo ia i wahi koʻikoʻi nui no ka Buda Buddhism. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻokaniʻo ia i keʻano nui i ka pukaʻana o Kalachakra Tantra.

Uaʻikeʻia ka pūnaewele o ka Ratnagiri i ka makahiki 1905. Ua hōʻikeʻia nā kuhiʻana i hanaʻia ma waena o 1958 a 1961 he stupa nui,ʻelua mau monakima, nā wahi kuahiwi, nā pōpō nui koho (nā loli i hoʻonuiʻia heʻehiku haneri o lākou!), He nui o nā terracotta a me nā pōhaku nā kiʻi kālai'āina, nā'āpana hoʻolālā, a me nā mea palekana Buddhist nui e like me ke keleawe, keleawe a me nā mea keleawe (kekahi me nā kiʻi o Buddha).

ʻO ka monastery i kapaʻiaʻo Monastery 1, i kūkuluʻia ma ka makahiki 8th-9th AD,ʻo ia ka monastery nui loa i excavated ma Odisha. ʻO kona puka puka'ōmaʻomaʻo i kahakahaʻia e alakaʻiʻia i 24 pūnaewele bikiki. Aia nō he kiʻi kila Buddha hoʻokipa, i hoʻopuniʻia e Padmapani a me Vajrapani, ma ke kula nui.

ʻO nā pōhaku kālai pōhaku o ka poʻo o ka Haku Buddha ma Ratnagiri, he mea kupaianaha nui. Ma mua oʻelua mau kumamālua ulu o nāʻano likeʻole, me ka nani o keʻano o nāʻanoʻokoʻa o Buddha, uaʻikeʻia i loko o ka wā e hoʻoliliʻia. Ua manaʻoʻia lākou he mau hana maikaʻi.

Ua hoʻoneʻeʻia nā kiʻi pōhaku he nui mai ka pūnaewele a ua hōʻikeʻia ma nā keʻenaʻehā ma ke Keʻena Archeological i Ratnagiri. Hāmama ia i kēlā me kēia lā mai ka hola 10 a 5 pm, koe wale no ka Pōʻalima.

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Udayagiri

ʻO Udayagiri, "Sunrise Hill", kahi home o kahi'ē aʻe Buddhist ma Odisha. Aia he'ōpena brick,ʻelua mau monikoli brick, he pōhaku i kūkuluʻia me nā kahakaha ma luna o ia, a me nā kiʻi kālai pōhaku Buddh he nui.

Ua hoʻihoʻiʻia ka pae o Udayagiri i ka makahiki 1-13th AD. ʻOiai uaʻikeʻia ma ka makahiki 1870,ʻaʻole i hoʻomakaʻia nā hoʻolālāʻana a hiki i ka makahiki 1985. Ua hanaʻia maʻelua mau hanana ma waena oʻelua mau'āpana kokoke i 200 mita ke kaʻawale - Udayagiri 1 mai 1985 a 1989, aʻo Udayagiri 2 mai ka makahiki 1997 a hiki i 2003. ua kapaʻia nā kauhaleʻo "Madhavapura Mahavihara" a me "Simhaprastha Mahaviha", me ka mahalo.

ʻO ka stup ma Udayagiri 1 he mau pōhaku pōhaku kūpono o ka Haku Buddha, e kau ana i mua o kēlā me kēia alakaʻi. ʻO ka moneteria he mea nui loa, he 18 mau pūnaewele a he hale keena i loaʻa i ka helehelena i kālaiʻia. Ua hoʻohuliʻia ka nui o nā kiʻi Buddhist a me nā kiʻi kālai pōhaku o nā akua pule Buddha.

Ma Udayagiri 2, aia kahi pūʻulu monastic nui e piha ana i nā kiʻi 13 a me kahi kiʻi kiʻekiʻe o Buddha, e noho ana ma ka bhumisparsa mudra . ʻO kona mau paepae wāwae he mea i kālaiʻia ke kiʻi mai ka 8th-9th century AD. ʻO keʻano kūikawā e pili ana i kēia monisabi ke ala e hoʻopuni ana i kona wahi hoʻomana,ʻaʻole i loaʻa ma nā wahi noho monastic'ē aʻe ma Odisha.

ʻO kekahi mea'ē aʻe ma Udayagiri kahi kiʻi o nā kiʻi Buddhism iʻokiʻia, e nānā ana i ka muliwai Birupa (i kapaʻiaʻo Solapuamaa ma lalo). Aiaʻelima mau kiʻi e loaʻa ana i keʻano ola kiʻekiʻe o Boddhisattva, he Buddha kū, he akua wahine e noho ana ma luna o kahi pāpale, kahi kū hoʻokahi Boddhisattva, a me kahi noho Boddhisattva.

Hāʻawi ka pae Udayagiri i nā waiwai'ē aʻe, no ka mea, he nui aku ka nui o ka hao.

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Lalitagiri

ʻO nā wāwahi ma Lalitagiri,ʻaʻole naʻe i like ka nui me nā mea ma Ratnagiri a me Udayagiri,ʻo ia hoʻi mai kahi kūlana Buddhist kahiko loa ma Odisha. ʻO nā hana nui i hanaʻia mai ka makahiki 1985 a ka makahiki 1992, ua hoʻomauʻia ka hōʻikeʻana o ka hoʻomauʻia o kēia mau mea mai ke kenekulia 2 BC a hiki i ke kenekulia 13.

Uaʻikeʻia nā mea iʻikeʻia he stupa, he hale chaitya apsidal, he chaityagriha paha,ʻehā mau hale mōneka, a me nā kiʻi kālai pōhaku nui o Buddha a me nā akua Buddhist.

ʻOiaʻiʻo,ʻo ka meaʻoluʻolu nui loa, heʻekolu polaʻai (ʻelua mau pahu liʻiliʻi) i loko o ka stup ma Lalitgiri. Ua'ōlelo nā moʻolelo Buddhist i ka pauʻana o ka makeʻana o ka Buddha, ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia kona pūpū i waena o kāna mau haumāna e hoʻokomoʻia i loko o ka pupule. No laila, ua manaʻoʻia ka poʻe i koe e Buddha iā ia iho, aiʻole kekahi o kāna mau haumāna koʻikoʻi. Ke manaʻo nei ke aupuni o Odisha e hōʻike i nā polaʻai hou i kahi hale hōʻikeʻike ma Lalitagiri i kēia mua aku.

ʻO ka hale chatya apsidal i hōʻikeʻia ma Lalitagiri,ʻo ia keʻano mua o konaʻano i ka mana o Buddhism ma Odisha (kahi i loaʻa ma Jain i kekahi wahi i mua). ʻO kēia lumi pule pule heʻokoʻa ka hapalua o ka hapalua a loaʻa i kahi kikowaena ma waena,ʻoiai ua hōʻinoʻia. Ua kākauʻia kahi mea i hoʻohuiʻia i ka 2-3rd mau makahiki AD.

ʻO ka nui o nā kiʻi Buddhist i loaʻa i loko o ka wā i hanaʻia i loko o ka hale kiʻi kiʻi ma kahi kokoke i nā hale mōneka. Eia naʻe, akā, ua emi lākou i lalo o 50% o nā waiwai waiwai o ka pūnaewele. Ua hala kekahi, a ua hoʻoneʻeʻia kekahi i nā hale hōʻikeʻike ma nā wahi'ē aʻe.