No ka poʻe i makemake i ka hana archeology a me ka palaeonology, ua nui aku nā mea i Tanzania ma mua o kona mau mele hoʻokipa hanohano a me nā kahakai maikaʻi. Aia ma ke alanui mai ka Nalurongū Ngorongō a hiki i Serengeti National Park ,ʻo Alexanderu Gorge (ka mea kahiko i kapaʻiaʻo Oldupai Gorge) he kumuhana nui loa ia ma ka honua nei, no kaʻikeʻana i kahi pūnaewele e hōʻike ana i ka loli o ke kanaka.
Hiki i nā mea hele ma ka'āina ke hoʻohui pū i kahi huakaʻi hele i Olduvai me ke kipaʻana i nā Shifting Sands hilahila, kahi lehu lehu e holo ma'ō aku i ka wao akua me kahi 55 kapuai a 17 mau mika i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Ka Mana o ka Olduvai
Ma nā makahiki 1930, ua hoʻomakaʻo Louis lāuaʻo Mary Leakey i nā kiʻi nui ma Olduvai Gorge ma hope o ka nānāʻana i nā mōʻalihaku hominid i weheʻoleʻia ma laila i kekahi mau makahiki ma mua e ka mea kālaihonuaʻo Hans Reck. I loko o nā makahiki he 50 e hiki mai nei, ua hana nā Leakeys i kekahi mau mea kupaianaha i hoʻololi i ka maopopoʻana o ke ao no kahi o kākou i hele mai ai, me ka hopena i ka hopena i ka hopena o ka lāhui kanaka wale nō mai Africa mai. ʻO ka mea nui loa o kēia mau mea iʻikeʻiaʻo ka Nutcracker Man, ka inoa i hāʻawiʻia i nā koena o kahi Paranthropus boisei kāne i manaʻoʻia he 1.75 miliona makahiki.
Uaʻike pū nā Leakeys i nā hōʻikeʻike mōlaika mua iʻikeʻia e kahi hominid'ē aʻe,ʻo Homo habilis ; a me kahi pūʻali waiwai o nā mōloʻa holoholona a me nā'āpana mea lima kanaka kahiko.
I ka makahiki 1976, ua loaʻaʻo Mary Leakey he mau pūkuhi hilinaʻi mālamaʻia ma Laetoli, kahi kahua i kahi 45 mau mile / 28 mile ma ka hema o ke kahawai. ʻO kēia mau wāwae, mālamaʻia i ka lehu a manaʻoʻia he poʻe no ko mākou kupunaʻo Australopithecus afarensis , e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka holoʻana o nāʻano hominid ma nā wāwaeʻelua i ka manawa o Pliocene, kahi 3.7 miliona makahiki i hala.
I ka wā iʻikeʻia ai,ʻo ia ka'ōmua mua o ka bi-pedalism hominid.
E hele ana i kahi o Olduvai Gorge
I kēia lā, ua hoʻomauʻia ka hoʻolālāʻana o nā Leakeys, a ua hoʻomauʻia e nā kāpena'ōpiopio o ka honua holoʻokoʻa i nā mea pohihihi e pili ana i ko kākou pilina. Hiki i nā malihini ke hele i ka'āinaʻo Olduvai keʻike i kēia mau wahi hoʻolālā no lākou iho ma lalo o ka nānāʻana o kahi alakaʻi alakaʻi. Ma ke poʻo o ke awāwa, aia kahi hale kūʻai, i loaʻa i nā makahiki 1970 e Mary Leakey a hoʻoulu houʻia i nā makahiki 1990 e kahi hui mai ka Hale Hōʻikeʻikeʻo Getty. ʻOiai heʻuʻuku, he nani loa ka hale hoʻolima, me nā lumi i hoʻolaʻaʻia no ka ho'ākākaʻana i nāʻike paleoanthropological o ka pae.
Maʻaneʻi, eʻikeʻoe i kahi hōʻiliʻili o nā kolomu hominid a me ke kahua hoʻokolokolo, a me nā mea kahiko kahiko i kapaʻiaʻo Oldowan (ʻo ia ka hua'ōlelo i kapaʻiaʻo "Olduvai Gorge"). ʻO kēia mau mea hanahana keʻano o kaʻoihanaʻoihana pōhaku iʻike muaʻia ma ka moʻolelo o ko kākou mau kūpuna. No ka mālamaʻana i nā kumu,ʻo ka nui o nā mōʻalihaku i hōʻikeʻia, he mau kī, e like me nā poʻo poʻo hominid wawe. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hōʻike, kahi nui o nā Laetoli Footprints, a me nā kiʻi nui o kaʻohana Leakey e hana ana ma nā wahi pākuhi mua.
Ua kapaʻiaʻo Olduʻi'ī Gorge i kēia manawaʻo Oldupai Gorge,ʻo ia ka'ōlelo pololei o ka'ōlelo Maasai no ka ulu lāʻau ulu.
Ke kipaʻana i nā Sanding Shifting
ʻO ka poʻe i makemake e hana i kekahi lā e manaʻo lākou e hele i ka'ākau o Olduvai Gorge a hiki i ka Shifting Sands. Maanei, e neʻe mālie ka luneʻeleʻele o ka lehuʻeleʻele maikaʻi ma'ō aku o ka pāpū ma kahi alapine o 55 55/17 mau mika ma ka makahiki ma lalo o ka ikaika o ka makani unidirection. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe Maasai ua hele mai ka lehu mai Olivera maiʻo Ol Doinyo Lokoi, he wahi kapu i kapaʻia kona inoa ma ka'ōlelo Pelekānia ma keʻanoʻo ka mauna o ke Akua. I kekahi lā kūpono, hiki keʻikeʻia kēia mauna hoʻokūkū hoʻokano i kahi lōʻihi mai ka Olduvai Gorge.
I ka hikiʻana aku i ka pāpū, ua hoʻonohonoho ka lehu pele, e'ākoakoa ana i kahi pōhaku a laila e hōʻiliʻili e lilo i ka hīmeni e like me keʻano nui i kēia lā.
He waiwai ke one i ka hao a hoʻokipa nuiʻia, i pili iā ia i ka wā e leleʻia ai i ka lewa - kahi mea e hana ai i nā kiʻi kiʻi maʻamau . Hiki i ka lune ke paʻakikī e loaʻa ma muli o konaʻano mohameka, aʻo ka huakaʻi hele e komo i laila e pili ana i ka hoʻokele kaʻawale hana. ʻO ka hopena, ua makemakeʻia e hele pū me kahi alakaʻi alakaʻi a / a mea hoʻokele paha. Ma ke alanui, mai hoʻopoina i ka nānāʻana i ka pāʻani holoʻokoʻa.