Ka Lika Silkʻo China
ʻO ka Silk Road (aʻo Sichou zhi lu 絲綢之路) kahi manawa i kākauʻia i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka 1900 e kekahi kanaka German e wehewehe i nā ala kalepa e pili ana i ka Middle East, Ancient India a me ka Mediterranean a me Kina. ʻAʻole ia he alanui hoʻokahi wale nō, akā, he pūnaewele o nā ala'āina a me nā ala moana e lilo ai kaʻoihana i waena o nā aupuni.
Zhang Qian a me ka weheʻana o ke alanui silk
Hoʻomaka ka moʻolelo me Zhang Qian .
Ua hoʻounaʻiaʻo Han Emperor Wudi e kēia mākaʻi a me ka diplomate e hana i nā launa me nā poʻe Yuezhi a me ka manaʻo o Han e hiki iā ia ke hana i ke kuʻikahi e kū'ē i nāʻenemiʻino o Xiongnu. Ua hoʻokōʻoleʻo Zhang Qian i kāna diplomacy akā i kāna huakaʻi (ʻo ia i hala aku i hala heʻumi makahiki) ua hiki iā ia ke kūʻai aku i ke siliki no ka manawa mua ma waho o China. Ua kūʻaiʻia kēia kūʻaiʻana i ka pōloli ma ke Komohana no ka silk a kiola aku i ke kālepa a kālepaʻana ma nā ala e lilo i ke Silk Road. E heluhelu i ka moʻolelo Zhang Qian a me ka weheʻana o ke alanui silk .
Silk Road Trade
Ua hoʻomakaʻia ma ka Hanana Han (206BC - AD 220),ʻo ka silikena ka waiwai nui i hoʻokuʻuʻia mai Kina mai, akā, aia ia me kēia mau ala i kāwiliʻia e nā limahana o nāʻano moʻomeheu,ʻenehana a me nā mahiʻai. Eia kekahi laʻana, ua hoʻolaha ka Buddhuana ma waena o Kina ma ke alanui Silk i ka kenekulia 1. Ua nui nā kūʻana ma ke alanui i pau i Changʻan, ke kapikala nui o ka Puʻupuʻu Tang (618-907) kahi e noho nei ke kūlanakauhaleʻo Xiʻan i kēia manawa.
Ma hope o ka noho aliʻi o Tang, uaʻano nui ka waiwai o ke alanui Silk ma keʻano o ka huliʻana i kaʻoihanaʻoihana i ka hikina akā ua weheʻia nā ala a me nā mea nui a uaʻike hou i ka hoʻouka houʻana ma lalo o Mongol Rule. Ma kēia ala e hele aiʻo Marco Polo i Kina ma ka Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368).
I ka halaʻana o ke kāʻei o Yuan ma Kina, ua lanakila ka launa ma nā alahele me ka piʻiʻana o nā moku kūʻokoʻa a me ka hoʻonuiʻia o nā ala moana no kaʻoihana.
ʻAʻole i emi iki keʻano o ke alanui Silk ma hope o ka hāʻuleʻana o ke Kuʻikahi Yuan.
Holo ma ke alanuiʻo Silk
I kēia lā, i ka wā i'ōleloʻia ai ka huakaʻi "Silk Road", hoʻoliliʻia nā kiʻi kiʻi kāmela camel, nā māla wao nahele a me nā'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka heleʻana ma ke alanui Silk o kēia manawa kekahi mau huakaʻi maikaʻi loa i loaʻa iaʻu ma koʻuʻike ma Kina.
Aia nāʻaoʻao o ka Xiina Silina i nā wahi mai kēia manawaʻo Xiʻan, ma ka'ākau a hiki i Lanzhou ma Gansu , ma ka Hexi Heʻekea a Dunhuang, a laila hiki i Xinjiang kahi i māheleʻia ai ka alahele ma ke kūkulu'ākau a me kaʻaoʻao hema o ka Desertʻo Taklamakan e hui hou i Kashgar. . Ua haʻalele ka Silk Road i kā [China] i kēia manawa a ua kaʻahele i ka mauna Pamir Mountains i Pakistan a me Afghanistan. ʻO ka laweʻana i kahi huakaʻi hele kaʻaina he mea keʻakeʻa keʻike a hoʻomaopopo i ka moʻolelo kahiko o China a me nā pilina me ke koena o ke ao.
Ua hana au i nā huakaʻi he nui me ka Alanui Silkʻo Kina. ʻOiaiʻaʻoleʻoe eʻike i nā halelewa e wehe ana i ka caravanserai, he nui nā mea eʻike ai.
- Ua mālama maikaʻiʻia he mau kahuaʻikepili he nui me kaʻikeʻana i nāʻoihana,ʻike a me nāʻoihana i ulu ai i hoʻokahi mau makahiki i hala. ʻO kahi o Mogao Grottoes ma Dunhuang paha kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe eʻike ai i kaʻoihana Buddhiano e pili nei i nā kenekulia.
- ʻO nā ' āpana e pili ana i ka Desertʻo Taklamakan a me ka Site Yadan Geological kahi e kōkua ai i ke kiʻi o nā kaʻa kaʻa kāmela a hāʻawi iāʻoe i kaʻono maoli i nā mea kūʻai a nā mea kālepa e pili ana i kaʻinoʻino.
- Aʻo ka heleʻana i ka Hexi Corridor e hiki iāʻoe ke kipa i ke kūlanakauhale ma kahi kūlanakauhale kahiko i ka wā e hele aiʻoe ma waena oʻelua mau mauna mai Lanzhou e hiki ai i ka palena o ka Desert Gobi i Dunhuang.
- ʻO ka Mokupuni Autonomous o Xinjiang kahi manahele kaulana o ke alanui Silk kaulana. Hiki iā Kashgar, Urumqi, a me Turpan ke hāʻawi aku i kahi mea hele i kahi meaʻonika Silk.