Kaʻikepili o nā pōʻino kūlohelohe ma Peru

He mauʻano pilikino kūlohelohe e hanaʻia ma Peru, aʻo kekahi o ia mau mea, he palena wale nō ia i hoʻokahi o nā wahi'āina honuaʻekolu o Peru aʻo kekahi mau mea'ē aʻe ma ka'āina. ʻO ka'āinaʻo Andean,ʻo ia hoʻi,ʻo ka'ōlelo a Anthony Oliver-Smith ma The Angry Earth , "he wahi kūpono loa ia o ka honua."

No ka poʻe i hele i ka huakaʻi, hikiʻole i kēia mau pōʻino ke kumu i kekahi pilikia nui. Hiki paha iāʻoe keʻike i kekahi mau wā e hoʻolālāʻia ai e ke kaheʻana a me ka uila - keʻoleʻoe e holo nei i Peru ma ke kaʻa - akā, he mea liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka pōʻino.

Akā, i kekahi manawa, hiki i kahi pōʻino nui ke alakaʻi i ka pilikia nui a, i nā hihiaʻoi loa, ka pohō o ke ola - kahi e hiki ke hoʻonuiʻia e ko Peru kūlana he'āina hoʻolālā. Wahi a Young a León i Natural Hazards ma Peru , "Ka hoʻonuiʻia o ka nohona ma Peru i nā pōʻino o ke kino, ua hoʻonuiʻia i ka palaʻino a ma kahiʻokiʻana i waena o ka mea eʻike ai i kaʻikeʻepekema a iʻole ka hana a nā kānaka."

ʻO nā pōʻino kūlohelohe kēia e like me ka mea maʻamau ma Peru aʻo keʻano maʻamau i ka climatology a iʻole ka honua. Nui nā mea e pili kokoke ana a ma hope koke iho paha o kekahi pōpilikia e pili pū ana, e like me kahi ōlaʻi e alakaʻi ana i nā'ō'ō.

• 01 o 07

  Mālū

  Pōʻani loaʻo Peru i nāʻela , aʻo ka mea i hōʻikeʻia e ka helu o nā hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i " Zona Segura en Casos de Sismos " ("kahi palekana i keʻano o nā'āina"). Hiki keʻike ka'āina i ka 200 mau mālūlū i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka nui o ka haʻalulu e ulu ana i kēlā me kēia meʻelima aʻeono makahiki. ʻO Malaka nui i loko o nā makahiki he 50 i hala iho nei,ʻo ia ka wili o ka 1970 ma ke kapakai'ākau a me nā moku o Andean o Peru (pepehiʻia he 70,000 Peruvians), i ka makahiki 1990 He haʻaluluʻo Mayo a me ke ōlaʻi i paʻi iā Pisco i 2007.

• 02 o 07

  Landslides a me nā'Avalanches

  Hoʻoulu pinepineʻia ka hoʻolālā liʻiliʻi ma Peru, nui ma nā'āpana'āina kiʻekiʻe a me nā māla i ka manawa ua, i ke ala mauʻana i nā alanui a me ka hoʻolālāʻana i ka neʻeʻana o ka'āina. He nui nā mea i hoʻonāukiʻia e nā hana kanaka, e like me ke kūkuluʻana i nā alanui. ʻO ka hopena maʻamau ka hopena o ka loli, akā,ʻo nā mea like me ka pilina paʻa e pāʻani nui ana. ʻO ka lua o nā hoʻoulu luku nui loa i nā makahiki he kanalima i hala iho nei,ʻo ia ka hopena o nā moku e iho mai ana mai Nevado Huascarán, ka mauna kiʻekiʻe loa ma Peru . I ka makahiki 1962, uaʻokiʻia kahi pākīneka pipi i ka mauna, me ka lawe pūʻana me ia i nā'āpana momona. ʻEiwa mau kauhale i kanuʻia aʻoi aku i ka 4,000 poʻe i make. ʻO ka lua o Huascarán i hoʻouluʻia e ke anilili maʻamau i ka makahiki 1970, a ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia kahi'āpana hauʻoli mai ka mauna mai, aʻo ia hoʻi kahi i kanu ai i ke kapikala nuiʻo Yungay.

• 03 o 07

  Ke kahe

  ʻO ka lolo ka mea maʻamau i Peru,ʻo ia ma nā kuahiwi a me ka ulu lāʻau. ʻO kekahi mau kūlanakauhale, e like me Tingo Maria ma ka ilina nui o Huánuco, eʻike i nā kahawai nui o ka muliwai i nā makahiki he nui (i hanaʻia e ka ua nui). Uaʻikeʻo Cusco i kekahi mau kahe nui i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. I ka makahiki 2010, ua uhi nā'alehu a me nā wai kahe i nā alanui a me nā ala o ke kaʻaahi, ua hōʻinoʻia he 2,000 mau hale, i koiʻia he 20 mau ola a waihoʻia nā poʻe malihini kipa i ka'āina. ʻO kekahiʻano ākea o ka wai kahe e puka mai ana mai nā loko ākea ma nā kuahiwi Andean. ʻO kēia mau loko mālieʻole e hoʻopuka i nā waikahe nui, nā mea i koi aku he mau olakani ola i nā makahiki he 100 i hala iho nei.

• 04 o 07

  ʻO Tsunamis

  Ua hōʻeha kekahi heluna o nā kai eʻe i ke kahakai o Peru i nā makahiki 400 i hala. ʻO kēia hopena nā hopena o ka hanana seismic e pili ana me ka pae'āina Peru-Chile, ma kahi o 100 mau mile mai ke kahawai o Peruvian, kahi i hoʻokomoʻia ai ka papaʻo Nazca ma lalo o ka papaʻoʻAmelika Hema. ʻAʻole iʻikeʻia nā kiko'ī no ka nui o nā nalu i kākauʻia ma mua loa, akā,ʻo ka 1586, 1604, 1687 a me 1746 i manaʻoʻia he mau mea ino loa a hoʻolālā i ka nohoʻana ma kaʻaoʻao o ka Peruvian. Ua piʻi mai ka tsunami nui i ka makahiki 2001 ma hope o ke kahakai 8.4 ma ka hema o Peru. Ua lawe ke kai eʻe i ke ola o nā kānaka he 26.

• 05 o 07

  Volcanoic Eruptions

  ʻOʻAu Peru He wahi ia o ka lua pele pele. ʻO kekahi mau lua pele, e like me Sabancaya a me El Misti, ua manaʻoʻia he paʻakikī a noho mau i lalo o ka nānā mau. Ma keʻano laulā,ʻaʻole ka lua o ka lua pele i ka weliweli koke. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, akā, ua koi akuʻo Peru i kekahi o nā hanaʻino loa ma ka moʻolelo. I ka makahiki 1600, ua piʻi ikaikaʻo Huaynaputina, a ua pepehiʻo ia i ka 1,500 mau Peruvians. ʻO ka nui o ka make ma kahi o ka pōʻino o ka honua i hanaʻia e ka luaʻi. ʻO nā mea hulihonua mai ke Kulanui o Kaleponi i ka nui o nā mea i hoʻokaheʻia i loko o ka lewa i hoʻololi i kaʻenehana honua, ka hopena nui loa i ka Pīpī Lūkini -ʻo kahi i make iʻelua miliona Lūkini.

• 06 o 07

  ʻO El Niño

  ʻO El Niño he paʻakikī aʻaʻole i maopopo pono i ka anomaly pāmahana e hana mauʻia i kēlā me kēiaʻekolu aʻehiku makahiki. Ma loko o kahi hanana El Niño,ʻo "nā pilina pili kino ma waena o ka makani, ke kai, ke kai a me ka mahana o ka lewa a me ka biosphere e hāʻule i lalo i nā kumu hanaʻino" (Earth Observatory; "What is El Niño?"). Ma Peru, ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka hoʻopilikia a me ka hōʻinoʻana i nā'ōnaehana o ke kai. Hiki ke hāʻule ka ua ma nā kahakai kūponoʻole o ke kai, e hiki ana i ka lolo a me nā hanana pili. I ka manawa like, hiki ke hoʻoweliweliʻia nā kuahiwi i nā'ōpala uila. ʻO El Niño 1997-1998 -ʻo kahiʻoi loa loa o nā moʻolelo i hala iho nei - pili i 600,000 mau kānaka, e like me nā haneli he 40,000, he 40,500 mau hale iʻeha aiʻole i hōʻinoʻia ai ka holoiʻana i nā tausani mile o nā alanui a me nā alahaka.

• 07 o 07

  ʻO ka maʻi

  ʻO ka maʻi heʻokoʻa ia mai nā pōʻino'ē aʻe iʻole e pili ana i ka'ōlohelohe kino. ʻO nā hana a ke kanaka, e like me ka noho kūlanakauhaleʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi, kahi nui i ka hopena o nā pōʻino a me nā maʻiʻino. Pono nā pilikina e lawe i nā kuʻiʻai kūpono no Peru ma mua o ko lākou heleʻana. ʻO kekahi mau maʻi weliweli, e like me ka maʻi'ākea a me ka lapaʻau dengue,ʻaʻohe o nā lāʻau āpau. I kēia mau kumu,ʻo ka paleʻana i nā'āpala nūnē keʻano nui o ka pale.

  > Nānā:

  • > "Hazards Natural i Peru: Ka Puhi a me ke Kuhikuhina" - Kenneth R. Young a me Blanca León
  • > "Peru: Nā Pōʻino Kūlohelohe a me ko lākou Imākī" - Kaʻike'āina
  • > "Peru: He'āina Andean me ka nui o nā pōʻinoʻino a me nā pilikia o nā pilikia" - Heriberto Urby Jr., David A. McEntire a me Ekong J. Peters
  • > Ka Honua Ipu: Ka Pōʻino Ma kahi Kiʻi -ʻAna Anthony Oliver-Smith lāuaʻo Susanna M. Hoffman